Scientific papers

This is a list of some of our published scientific papers.

Bari D.S., Yacoob H.Y., Tronstad C., Kalvøy H., Martinsen Ø.G.: Electrodermal responses to discrete stimuli measured by skin conductance, skin potential and skin susceptance. Skin Res. Technol. 24, 108-116, 2018.

Skjærvø Ø., Brandtzæg O.K., Lausund K.B., Pabst O., Martinsen Ø.G., Lundanes E., Wilson S.R.: Exploring bioimpedance instrumentation for the characterization of open tubular liquid chromatography columns. J Chromatography A. 1534, 195-200, 2018.

Strand-Amundsen R.J., Tronstad C., Kalvøy H., Ruud T.E., Høgetveit J.O., Martinsen Ø.G., Tønnessen T.I.: Small intestinal ischemia and reperfusion – bioimpedance measurements. Physiol. Meas. 39, 025001, 2018.

Bari D.S., Yacoob H.Y., Tronstad C., Kalvøy H., Martinsen Ø.G.: Influence of relative humidity on electrodermal levels and reponses. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology.31, 298-307, 2018.

Elvebakk O., Tronstad C., Birkeland K.I., Jenssen T.G., Bjørgaas M.R., Frøslie K.F., Godang K., Kalvøy H., Martinsen Ø.G., Gulseth H.L.: Evaluation of Hypoglycaemia with Non-Invasive Sensors in Subjects with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia. Scientific Reports. 8, 14722, 2018.

Pabst O., Martinsen Ø.G., Chua L.: The non-linear electrical properties of human skin make it a generic memristor. Scientific Reports. 8, 15806, 2018.

Bari D.S., Aldosky H.Y.Y., Tronstad C., Kalvøy H., Martinsen Ø.G.: Electrodermal activity responses for quantitative assessment of felt pain. J. Electr. Bioimpedance. 9, 52-58, 2018.


Pabst O., Tronstad C., Grimnes S., Fowles D., Martinsen Ø.G.: Comparison between the AC and DC measurement of electrodermal activity. Psychophysiology, 54, 374-385, 2017.

Strand-Amundsen R.J., Reims H.M., Tronstad C., Kalvøy H., Martinsen Ø.G., Høgetveit J.O., Ruud T.E., Tønnessen T.I.: Ischemic Small Intestine – In-vivo versus ex-vivo bioimpedance measurements. Phys. Meas., 38, 715-728, 2017.

Adamczak M.I., Martinsen Ø.G., Smistad G., Hiorth M.: Polymer coated mucoadhesive liposomes intended for the management of xerostomia. Int. J. of Pharm., 527, 72-78, 2017.

Restan M.S., Jensen H., Shen X., Huang C., Martinsen Ø.G., Kubang P., Gjelstad A., Pedersen-Bjergaard, S.: Comprehensive study of buffer systems and local pH effects in electromembrane extraction. Analytica Chim. Acta, 984, 116-123, 2017.

Schwingenschuh S., Scharfetter H., Martinsen Ø.G., Boulgaropoulos B., Augustin T. Tiffner K., Dragatin C., Raml R., Hoefferer C., Prandl E.-C., Sinner F., Hajnsek M.: Assessment of skin permeability to topically applied drugs by skin impedance and admittance. Physiol. Meas. 38, N138, 2017.


Pettersen F.J., Martinsen Ø.G., Høgetveit, J.O., Kalvøy, H., Odland H.H.: Bioimpedance spectroscopy of temporal impedance changes in a beating heart. Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express., 2, 065015, 2016. (reprint)

Kalvøy H., Sauter A.R.: Detection of intraneural needle-placement with multiple frequency bioimpedance monitoring: a novel method. J. Clin. Monit. Comput., 30,185–192, 2016. (reprint)

Canali C., Aristovich K., Ceccarelli L., Larsen L.B., Martinsen Ø.G., Wolff A., Dufva M., Emnéus J., Heiskanen A.: Electrical impedance tomography methods for miniaturised 3D systems. J. Electr. Bioimp., 7, 59-67, 2016. (reprint)

Adamczak M.I., Martinsen Ø.G., Smistad G., Hiorth M.: Water sorption properties of HM-pectin and liposomes intended to alleviate dry mouth. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 506, 201-206, 2016. (reprint)

Abie S.M., Bergli J., Galperin Y., Martinsen Ø.G.: Universality of AC conductance in human hair. Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express. 2, 027002, 2016. (reprint)

Strand-Amundsen R.J., Tronstad C., Kalvøy H., Gundersen Y., Krohn C.D., Aasen A.O., Holhjem L., Reims H.M., Martinsen Ø.G., Høgetveit J.O., Ruud T.E., Tønnessen T.I.: In vivo characterization of ischemic small intestine using bioimpedance measurements. Physiol. Meas. 37, 257-275, 2016. (reprint)


Martinsen Ø.G., Pabst O., Tronstad C., Grimnes S.: Sources of error in AC measurement of skin conductance. J. Electr. Bioimp. 6, 49-53, 2015. (reprint)

Canali C., Mazzoni C., Larsen L.B., Heiskanen A., Martinsen Ø.G., Wolff A., Dufva M., Emneus J.: An impedance method for spatial sensing of 3D cell constructs – towards applications in tissue engineering. Analyst. 140 (17), 6079-6088, 2015. (reprint)

Canali C., Larsen L.B., Martinsen Ø.G., Heiskanen A.: Conductometric analysis in bio-applications: a universal impedance spectroscopy-based approach using modified electrodes. Sensors and actuators B: Chemical. 212, 544-550, 2015. (reprint)

Canali C., Mohanty S., Heiskanen A., Muhammad H.B., Martinsen Ø.G., Dufva M., Wolff A., Emneus J.: Impedance spectroscopic characterisation of porosity in 3D cell culture scaffolds with different channel networks. Electroanalysis. 27, 193-199, 2015. (reprint)

Canali C., Heiskanen A., Høyum P., Muhammad H.B., Pettersen F.J., Wolff A., Dufva M., Martinsen Ø.G., Emneus J.: Bioimpedance monitoring of 3D cell culturing – complementary electrode configurations for enhanced spatial sensitivity. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 63, 72-79, 2015. (reprint)


Pettersen, F.J., Ferdous H., Martinsen Ø.G., Høgetveit J.O.: Comparison of four different FIM configurations – a simulation study. Physiol. Meas. 35(6), 1067-1082, 2014. (reprint)

Martinsen Ø.G., Nordbotten B., Grimnes S., Fossan H., Eilevstjønn J.: Bioimpedance based respiration monitoring with a defibrillator. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 61(6), 1858-1862, 2014. (reprint)

Nordbotten B., Tronstad C., Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S.: Estimation of skin conductance at low frequencies using measurements at higher frequencies for EDA applications. Physiol. Meas. 35(6), 1011-1018, 2014. (reprint)


Tronstad C., Kalvøy H., Grimnes S., Martinsen Ø.G.: Improved estimation of sweating based on electrical properties of skin. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 41(5), 1074-1083, 2013. (reprint)

Tronstad C., Kalvøy H., Grimnes S., Martinsen Ø.G.: Waveform difference between skin conductance and skin potential responses in relation to electrical and evaporative properties of skin. Psychophysiology, 50, 1070-1078, 2013. (reprint)


Ahn A.C., Gow B.J., Martinsen Ø.G., Zhao M., Grodzinsky A.J., Baikie I.D.: Applying the Kelvin Probe to biological tissues: Theoretical and computational analyses Phys. Rev. E., 85, 061901, 2012. reprint

Johnsen G.K., Knaapila M., Martinsen Ø.G., Helgesen G.: Conductivity enhancement of silver filled adhesives through electric field alignment Comp. Sci. Technol., 72, 1841–1847, 2012. reprint

Gow B.J., Cheng J.L., Baikie I.D., Martinsen Ø.G., Zhao M., Smith S., Ahn A.C.: Electrical Potential of Acupuncture Points: Use of a Non-Contact Scanning Kelvin Probe Evidence-Based Complem Alt. Med., 2012, 632828, 2012. reprint


Mikolajewska P., Rømoen O.T., Martinsen Ø.G., Iani V., Moan J., Grimnes S., Juzeniene A.: Bioimpedance for pain monitoring during cutaneous photodynamic therapy: Preliminary study Photodiagn. Photodyn. Therapy, 8, 307-313, 2011. reprint

Pettersen F.J, Høgetveit J.O.: From 3D tissue data to impedance using Simpleware ScanFE+IP and COMSOL Multiphysics – a tutorial. J. Electr. Bioimp., 2, 13-32, 2011. (reprint)

Norbotten B.J., Tronstad C., Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S.: Evaluation of algorithms for calculating bioimpedance phase angle values from measured whole-body impedance modulus. Physiol. Meas., 32, 755-765, 2011. (reprint)

Johnsen G.K., Lütken C.A., Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S.: Memristive model of electro-osmosis in skin. Phys. Rev. E, 83, 031916, 2011. (reprint)

Knaapila M., Rømoen O.T., Svåsand E., Pinheiro J.P., Martinsen Ø.G., Buchanan M., Skjeltorp A.T., Helgesen G.: Conductivity Enhancement in Carbon Nanocone Adhesive through Electric Field Alignment. ACS Appl. Mat. Interf., 3, 378-384, 2011. (reprint)

Johnsen G. K., Norlen L, Martinsen Ø. G., Grimnes S.: Sorption properties of the human stratum corneum. Skin Pharmacol. Physiol., 24, 190-198, 2011. (reprint)

Kalvøy H., Johnsen G.K., Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S.: New method for separation of electrode polarization impedance from measured tissue impedance. Open Biomed. Eng. J., 5, 8-13, 2011. (reprint)

Grimnes S., Jabbari A., Martinsen Ø.G., Tronstad C.: Electrodermal activity by DC potential and AC conductance measured simultaneously at the same skin site. Skin Res. Technol., 17, 26-34, 2011. (reprint)


Tronstad C., Johnsen G.K., Grimnes S., Martinsen Ø.G.: A study on electrode gels for skin conductance measurements. Physiol. Meas., 31, 1395-1410, 2010. (reprint)

Høyum P., Kalvøy H., Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S.: A finite element model of needle electrode spatial sensitivity. Physiol. Meas., 31, 1369-1379, 2010. (reprint)

Tronstad C., Pischke S.E., Holhjem L., Tønnessen T.I., Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S.: Early detection of cardiac ischemia using a conductometric pCO2 sensor: real-time drift correction and parameterization. Physiol. Meas., 31, 1241-1255, 2010. (reprint)

Martinsen Ø.G., Kalvøy H., Grimnes S., Nordbotten B., Hol P.K., Fosse E., Myklebust H., Becker L.B.: Invasive Electrical Impedance Tomography for Blood Vessel Detection. Open Biomed. Eng. J., 4, 135-137, 2010. (reprint)

Kalvøy H., Tronstad C., Nordbotten B., Grimnes S., Martinsen Ø.G.: Electrical Impedance of Stainless Steel Needle Electrodes. Ann. Biomed. Eng., 38, 2371-2382, 2010. (reprint)

Johnsen G.K., Haugsnes A.B., Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S.: A new approach for an estimation of the equilibrium stratum corneum water content. Skin Res. Technol., 16, 142-145, 2010. (reprint)


Johnsen G.K., Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S.: Estimation of in vivo water content of the stratum corneum from electrical measurements. Open Biomed. Eng. J., 3, 8-12, 2009. (reprint)

Svåsand E., Kristiansen K.d.L., Martinsen Ø.G., Helgesen G., Grimnes S., Skjeltorp A.T.: Behavior of carbon cone particle dispersions in electric and magnetic fields. Coll. Surf. A: Physiochem. Eng. Aspects, 339, 211-216, 2009. (reprint)

Sauter A.R., Dodgson M.S., Kalvøy H., Grimnes S., Stubhaug A, Klaastad Ø.: Current threshold for nerve stimulation depends on electrical impedance of the tissue: A study of ultrasound-guided electrical nerve stimulation of the median nerve. Anesth. Analg., 108 (4), 1338-1343, 2009. (reprint)

Kalvøy H., Frich L., Grimnes S., Martinsen Ø.G., Hol P.K., Stubhaug A.: Impedance-based tissue discrimination for needle guidance. Physiol. Meas., 30, 129-140, 2009. (reprint)


Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S.: Long-term effect of some skin moisturizers. Open Dermatol. J., 2, 87-89, 2008. (reprint)

Tronstad C., Gjein G.E., Grimnes S., Martinsen Ø.G., Krogstad A.-L., Fosse E.: Electrical measurement of sweat activity. Physiol. Meas., 29(6), S407-S415, 2008. (reprint)

Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S., Nilsen S.H.: Water sorption and electrical properties of a human nail. Skin Res. Technol., 14(2), 142-146, 2008. (reprint)

Ahn A.C., Colbert A.P., Anderson B.J., Martinsen Ø.G., Hammerschlag R., Cina S., Wayne P.M., Langevin H.M.: Electrical properties of acupuncture points and meridians: A systematic review. Bioelectromagnetics, 29(4), 245-256, 2008. (reprint)

Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S., Nilsen J.K., Tronstad C., Jang W., Kim H., Shin K., Naderi M., Thielmann F.: Gravimetric method for in vivo calibration of skin hydration measurements. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 55(2), 728-732, 2008. (reprint)


Ahn A.C., Martinsen Ø.G.: Electrical characterization of acupuncture points: Technical issues and challenges. J. Alt. Compl. Med., 13, 817-824, 2007.  (reprint)

Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S., Aas K.: Climatic influence on children's atopic skin studied by changes in skin hydration - a pilot study. Eur. J. Pediat. Dermatol, 17, 99-102, 2007. (reprint) (Italian version

Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S., Kirkhus T., Mørkrid L., Aas K.: Increased moisture content in children's atopic skin. Eur. J. Pediat. Dermatol, 17, 17-20, 2007. (reprint) (Italian version

Martinsen Ø.G., Clausen S., Nysæther J.B., Grimnes S.: Utilising characteristic electrical properties of the epidermal skin layers to detect fake fingers in biometric fingerprint systems - A pilot study. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 54(5), 891-894, 2007. (reprint)

Grimnes S., Martinsen Ø.G.: Sources of error in tetrapolar impedance measurements on biomaterials and other ionic conductors. J. Physics D: Applied Physics, 40, 9-14, 2007. (reprint)


Grimnes S., Martinsen Ø.G.: Bioimpedance. Wiley Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering, 2006. (reprint)


Mirtaheri P., Grimnes S., Martinsen Ø.G.: Electrode Polarization Impedance in Weak NaCl Aqueous Solutions. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 52(12), 2093-2099, 2005. (reprint)

Grimnes S., Martinsen Ø.G.: Cole electrical impedance model - a critique and an alternative. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 52(1), 132-135, 2005. (reprint)


Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S., Piltan H.: Cutaneous perception of electrical direct current. Innov. Tech. Biol. Med., 25(4), 240-243, 2004. (reprint)

Mirtaheri P., Omtveit T., Klotzbuecher T., Grimnes S., Martinsen Ø.G., Tønnessen T.I.: Miniaturization of a biomedical gas sensor. Physiol. Meas., 25, 1511-1522, 2004. (reprint)

Amoussou-Guenou K.M., Martinsen Ø.G., Hounkponou M., Doumit J., Healy J.C.: Basic principles for evaluation of less deformable erythrocyte subpopulations with the Microfiltrometer. Scand. J. Clin. & Lab. Invest., 64(3), 169-174, 2004. (reprint)

Amoussou-Guenou K.M., Martinsen Ø.G., Squitiero B., Rusch Ph., Healy J.C.: The Microfiltrometer (MicroFM): a new filtration device for the assessment of less deformable erythrocyte subpopulations. Scand. J. Clin. & Lab. Invest., 64(2), 108-112, 2004. (reprint)

Mirtaheri P., Grimnes S., Martinsen Ø.G., Tønnessen T.I.: A new biomedical sensor for measuring PCO2. Physiol. Meas. 25, 421-436, 2004.  (reprint)


Hernes K.G., Mørkrid L., Fremming A., Ødegården S., Martinsen Ø.G., Storm H.: Skin conductance changes during first year of life in full-term infants. Pediatric Res., 52, 837-843, 2002. (reprint)

Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S., Schwan H.P.: Interface phenomena and dielectric properties of biological tissue. Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science, 2643-2652, 2002. (reprint)


Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S., Mørkrid L., Hareide M.: Line patterns in the mosaic electrical properties of human skin - a cross correlation study. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , 48(6), 731-734, 2001. (reprint)

Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S.: Facts and myths about electrical measurement of stratum corneum hydration state. Dermatology, 202, 87-89, 2001. (reprint)


Storm H., Fremming A., Ødegården S., Martinsen Ø.G., Mørkrid L.: The development of a software program for analysing spontaneous and externally elicited skin conductance changes in infants and adults. Clin. Neurophysiol., 111(10), 1889-1898, 2000. (reprint)

Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S., Mirtaheri P.: Non-invasive measurements of post mortem changes in dielectric properties of haddock muscle - a pilot study. J. Food Eng., 43(3), 189-192, 2000. (reprint)


Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S., Haug E.: Measuring depth depends on frequency in electrical skin impedance measurements. Skin Res. Technol., 5, 179-181, 1999. (reprint)


Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S.: On using single frequency electrical measurements for skin hydration assessment. Innov. Tech. Biol. Med., 19(5), 395-399, 1998. (reprint)

Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S., Karlsen J.: Low frequency dielectric dispersion of microporous membranes in electrolyte solution. J. Coll. Interface Sci., 199(2), 107-110, 1998. (reprint)


Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S., Kongshaug E.S.: Dielectric properties of some keratinized tissues. Part 2: human hair. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 35(3), 177-180, 1997. (reprint)

Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S., Sveen O.: Dielectric properties of some keratinized tissues. Part 1: stratum corneum and nail in situ. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 35(3), 172-176, 1997. (reprint)


Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S., Henriksen I. , Karlsen J.: Measurement of the effect of topical liposome preparations by low frequency electrical susceptance. Innov. Tech. Biol. Med., 17(3), 217-222, 1996. (reprint)


Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S., Karlsen J.: Electrical methods for skin moisture assessment. Skin Pharmacol., 8(5), 237-245, 1995. (reprint)


Martinsen Ø.G., Grimnes S., Karlsen J.: An instrument for the evaluation of skin hydration by electrical admittance measurements. Innov. Tech. Biol. Med., 14(5), 588-596, 1993. (reprint)


Grimnes S: Pathways of ionic flow through human skin in vivo. Acta Derm. Venereol., 64, 93-98, 1984. (reprint)

Grimnes S: Electrovibration, cutaneous sensation of microampere current. Acta Physiol. Scand., 118, 19-25, 1983. (reprint)

Grimnes S: Impedance measurement of individual skin surface electrodes. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 21, 750-755, 1983. (reprint)

Grimnes S: Skin impedance and electro-osmosis in the human epidermis. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 21, 739-749, 1983. (reprint)

Grimnes S: Psychogalvanic reflex and changes in electrical parameters of dry skin. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 20, 734-740, 1982. (reprint)

Published Feb. 18, 2011 11:44 AM - Last modified Apr. 13, 2021 1:19 PM