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MAPLES – MAgma PLays with sedimEntary rockS

With this project we aim at better understanding processes and scales of contamination between sills and sedimentary host-rocks of different lithologies. This is done by quantifying element exchanges, entrapments and escapes, from a within-sill perspective and by case studies.

Three case studies will allow defining how MAgma PLays with sEdimentary rockS of different lithologies. Field picture: S. Callegaro and L.E. Augland serve as scale in the picture. Photo: Ella Wulfsberg Stokke

Three case studies will allow defining how MAgma PLays with sEdimentary rockS of different lithologies. The field picture: Sara Callegaro and Lars Eivind Augland serve as scale. Photo: Ella W. Stokke

About the project

The intrusive parts of Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), see Wikipedia, contribute enormously to the gas loads of such events on the atmosphere, with consequent climate forcing and associated mass extinctions. Large sill intrusions in LIPs interact with sedimentary host-rocks in volcanic basins and generate a number of gas species, released into the atmosphere by venting episodes.

Gas fluxes change profoundly when LIPs plumbing systems intrude volcanic basins with different dominant lithologies. Sill-driven contact metamorphism and consequent thermogenic gas release is well studied, much less so are the processes occurring within the magma bodies.

In the MAPLES project we seek to find answer to the question if sills are sinks or sources of volatiles and trace metals: ‘ MAPLES will improve our understanding of the interplay between sills and volatile-rich host-rocks occurring during LIPs emplacement, by a petrological and geochemical study of the igneous bodies.

‘ MAPLES will clarify the boundaries between melt-stage and sub-solidus processes of sill-host rock interaction occurring within the sills, defining new geochemical tracers to detect and quantify these interactions.

‘ MAPLES will provide crucial insights into the cycling of key elements and volatiles during periods when the Earth experienced rapid climatic changes and mass extinctions.

LIP-related severe forcing on the atmospheric gas budgets is the best analog for the changes mankind is causing on the atmosphere in the Anthropocene: understanding the past helps acting for the future.

Objectives

Overarching objective: Clarify processes and scales of contamination between sills and sedimentary host-rocks of different lithologies.

To do so, three types of host-rock lithologies and four case studies are addressed:

Obj.1 – Sills in evaporites and carbonates: detailing the fate of halogens and sulfur (Case: the Tunguska Basin - Siberia, RU),

Obj.2 – Sills in clastic lithologies: interplay with host-rocks injected as sediment dykes (Case: the Karoo Basin, South Africa),

Obj.3 – Sill-petroleum systems: open vs. closed system evolution and fate of trace metals (Case: the Oslo Rift – Norway; the Karoo Basin - South Africa), and

Obj.4 – Comparison among end-member scenarios.

Background

To achieve the objective of the project, a variety of cutting-edge in situ geochemical and petrological techniques will be applied (e.g. ion probe, synchrotron-light microfluorescence, micro-CT, LA-ICPMS, Raman, piston cylinder). Laboratories of Department of Geosciences – UiO/ (e.g. SEM, Electron microprobe, the CLIPT-Lab for stable isotopes) will be key analytical assets for the implementation of MAPLES. A field campaign in the Karoo Basin will also be carried out.

Financing

Full name of the project: MAgma PLays with sedimEntary rockS - Element exchange between magma, sedimentary host-rocks and environment

Financing: NFR, FRIPRO – Young Research Talents
Project number: 301096 (NFR) | 144995 (UiO)
Start: 15.08.2020. End: 15.01.2024.

Collaboration

The MAPLES project involves researchers from several institutions, and relies on the expertise of, and long-established collaboration with scientists from the Universities of Oslo, Uppsala (SE), Padova (IT) and McGill (CA). MAPLES may allow establishing of new, further collaborations.

Belosa, Lea; Callegaro, Sara; Meyzen, Christine M; Gaina, Carmen; Polteau, Stephane & Bizimis, Michael [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Deep Mantle Component and Continental Crust Remobilization in the Source of Vesteris Seamount, East Greenland Margin. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems. ISSN 1525-2027. 25(1). doi: 10.1029/2023GC011196. Full text in Research Archive
Percival, Lawrence M. E.; Matsumoto, Hironao; Callegaro, Sara; Erba, Elisabetta; Kerr, Andrew C. & Mutterlose, Jorg [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Cretaceous Large Igneous Provinces: from volcanic formation to environmental catastrophes and biological crises. Geological Society Special Publication. ISSN 0305-8719. doi: 10.1144/SP544-2023-88. Full text in Research Archive
Deegan, Frances M.; Callegaro, Sara; Davies, Joshua H.F.L. & Svensen, Henrik Hovland (2023). Driving Global Change One LIP at a Time. Elements. ISSN 1811-5209. 19(5), p. 269–275. doi: 10.2138/gselements.19.5.269.
Baker, Don R.; Callegaro, Sara; Marzoli, Andrea; De Min, Angelo; Geraki, Kalotina & Whitehouse, Martin, J. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Sulfur and chlorine in nakhlite clinopyroxenes: Source region concentrations and magmatic evolution. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. ISSN 0016-7037. 359, p. 1–19. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2023.08.007. Full text in Research Archive
Callegaro, Sara; Baker, Don R.; Renne, Paul R.; Melluso, Leone; Geraki, Kalotina & Whitehouse, Martin J. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Recurring volcanic winters during the latest Cretaceous: Sulfur and fluorine budgets of Deccan Traps lavas. Science Advances. ISSN 2375-2548. 9(40). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8284. Full text in Research Archive
Deegan, Frances M.; Bédard, Jean H.; Grasby, Stephen E.; Dewing, Keith; Geiger, Harri & Misiti, Valeria [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2022). Magma-Shale Interaction in Large Igneous Provinces: Implications for Climate Warming and Sulfide Genesis. Journal of Petrology. ISSN 0022-3530. 63(9), p. 1–10. doi: 10.1093/petrology/egac094. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) whose magma plumbing systems intersect sedimentary basins are linked to upheavals of Earth’s carbon and sulfur cycles and thus climate and life history. However, the underlying mechanistic links between these phenomena are elusive. We address this knowledge gap through short time-scale petrological experiments (1200 °C and 150 MPa) that explore interaction between basaltic melt and carbonaceous shale (mudstone) using starting materials from the Canadian High Arctic LIP and the Sverdrup Basin in which it intrudes. Here we show that entrainment of shale xenoliths in basaltic melt causes shale to shatter due to incipient thermal stress and devolatilization, which accelerates assimilation by increasing reactive surface area. Shale assimilation therefore facilitates transfer of sediment-derived volatile elements to the shallow parts of LIP plumbing systems, whereupon carbon dominates the vapor phase whilst sulfur is partitioned into sulfide melt droplets. This study reveals that although carbon and sulfur are efficiently mobilized as a consequence of shale assimilation, sulfides can sequester sulfur - an important climate cooling agent - thus enhancing net emissions of climate warming greenhouse gases by shale-intersecting LIPs.
Dal Corso, Jacopo; Song, Haijun; Callegaro, Sara; Chu, Daoliang; Sun, Yadong & Hilton, Jason [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Environmental crises at the Permian–Triassic mass extinction. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. ISSN 2662-138X. 3, p. 197–214. doi: 10.1038/s43017-021-00259-4. Full text in Research Archive
Capriolo, Manfredo; Mills, Benjamin J.W.; Newton, Robert J.; Dal Corso, Jacopo; Dunhill, Alexander M. & Wignall, Paul B. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Anthropogenic-scale CO2 degassing from the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province as a driver of the end-Triassic mass extinction. Global and Planetary Change. ISSN 0921-8181. 209. doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103731. Full text in Research Archive
Boscaini, Andrea; Callegaro, Sara; Sun, Yadong & Marzoli, Andrea (2022). Late Permian to Late Triassic Large Igneous Provinces: Timing, Eruptive Style and Paleoenvironmental Perturbations. Frontiers in Earth Science. ISSN 2296-6463. 10. doi: 10.3389/feart.2022.887632. Full text in Research Archive
Boscaini, Andrea; Marzoli, A; Bertrand, Hervé; Chiaradia, Massimo; Jourdan, Fred & Faccenda, Manuele [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Cratonic keels controlled the emplacement of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. ISSN 0012-821X. 584. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117480.
Capriolo, Manfredo; Marzoli, Andrea; Aradi, László E.; Ackerson, Michael R.; Bartoli, Omar & Callegaro, Sara [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Massive methane fluxing from magma–sediment interaction in the end-Triassic Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. Nature Communications. ISSN 2041-1723. 12. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25510-w. Full text in Research Archive
Callegaro, Sara; Svensen, Henrik Hovland; Neumann, Else Ragnhild; Polozov, Alexander G.; Jerram, Dougal Alexander & Deegan, Frances M. [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). Geochemistry of deep Tunguska Basin sills, Siberian Traps: correlations and potential implications for the end-Permian environmental crisis. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. ISSN 0010-7999. 176. doi: 10.1007/s00410-021-01807-3. Full text in Research Archive
Capriolo, Manfredo; Marzoli, Andrea; Aradi, László E.; Callegaro, Sara; Dal Corso, Jacopo & Newton, Robert J. [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2020). Deep CO2 in the end-Triassic Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. Nature Communications. ISSN 2041-1723. 11. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15325-6. Full text in Research Archive
Lindström, Sofie; Callegaro, Sara; Davies, Joshua H.F.L.; Tegner, Christian; Marzoli, Andrea & van de Schootbrugge, Bas [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Tracing volcanic emissions from the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province in the sedimentary record. Earth-Science Reviews. ISSN 0012-8252. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103444. Full text in Research Archive
Baker, Don R.; Callegaro, Sara; De Min, Angelo; Whitehouse, Martin J. & Marzoli, Andrea (2020). Fluorine partitioning between quadrilateral clinopyroxenes and melt. American Mineralogist. ISSN 0003-004X. 107(2), p. 167–177. doi: 10.2138/am-2021-7868. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in Cristin

Callegaro, Sara (2024). Catch me if you can: reconstructing magmatic volatiles from Large Igneous Provinces with different approaches.
Callegaro, Sara (2024). Large Igneous Provinces: listening to warnings from past volcanoes.
Callegaro, Sara; Baker, Don R.; Renne, Paul R.; Melluso, Leone; Geraki, Kalotina & Whitehouse, Martin J. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). Sulfur and fluorine degassing from Deccan Traps lavas inferred from pyroxene chemistry: potential for end-Cretaceous volcanic winters.
Deegan, Frances M.; Capriolo, Manfredo; Weis, Franz; Callegaro, Sara; Troll, Valentin R. & Freda, Carmela [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2024). Tracking CO2 mobility during magma-limestone interaction: insights from spectroscopic analysis of experiments.
Svensen, Henrik Hovland; Callegaro, Sara; Kjøll, Hans Jørgen; Midtkandal, Ivar; Whattam, Jack William & Dalslåen, Bjørgunn Heggem [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2024). Rhomb porphyry lavas from the Oslo Rift revisited: New insights from construction-related boreholes and cores.
Andersen, Guro Lilledal; Svensen, Henrik Hovland; Augland, Lars Eivind; Callegaro, Sara & Whattam, Jack (2024). The explosive volcanism of the Oslo Rift – insights from the ignimbrites of the Drammen Caldera.
Callegaro, Sara; Svensen, Henrik Hovland; Heimdal, Thea H.; Kjøll, Hans Jørgen; Harstad, Andreas Olaus & Augland, Lars Eivind [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2024). Geochemistry of sills from the early stage of the Oslo Rift.
Capriolo, Manfredo; Callegaro, Sara; Deegan, Frances M.; Merle, Renaud; Jeon, Heejin & Whitehouse, Martin [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2024). The transcrustal plumbing system of Large Igneous Provinces: Insights from glomerocrysts and melt inclusions.
Whattam, Jack; Svensen, Henrik Hovland; Midtkandal, Ivar; Jerram, Dougal Alexander & Callegaro, Sara (2024). Mafic volcaniclastic deposits in the Oslo Rift.
Whattam, Jack; Svensen, Henrik Hovland; Midtkandal, Ivar; Callegaro, Sara & Jerram, Dougal Alexander (2023). Intermittent cessation and renewal of volcanism in the Oslo Rift revealed through detailed mapping and stratigraphy.
Bond, David; Callegaro, Sara; Davies, Joshua; Deegan, Frances; Galloway, Jennifer & Gaynor, Sean [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2023). Meet the Authors. Elements. ISSN 1811-5209. 19(5), p. 265–266. doi: 10.2138/gselements.19.5.265.
Callegaro, Sara; Svensen, Henrik Hovland; Heimdal, Thea Hatlen; Guarino, Vincenza; Deegan, Frances M. & Jerram, Dougal Alexander [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Dolerite sills from the Siberian Traps (Tunguska basin, Russia) bear evidence of halogens mobilization from evaporitic host rocks.
Augland, Lars Eivind; Lundmark, Anders Mattias; Callegaro, Sara & Jerram, Dougal Alexander (2023). Rapid translithospheric ascent rates for Lamprophyres from zircon dissolution speedometry.
Callegaro, Sara; Svensen, Henrik Hovland; Heimdal, Thea Hatlen; Deegan, Frances M.; Jerram, Dougal Alexander & Polozov, Alexander [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Magma-evaporite interaction in doleritic sills from the Siberian Traps: insights from whole-rock and mineral data.
Svensen, Henrik Hovland; John, Timm; Polozov, A.; Callegaro, Sara; Jones, Morgan Thomas & Newton, Robert [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Carbon, sulphur, and mercury geochemistry in a crater lake in the Siberian Traps.
Callegaro, Sara; Whattam, Jack & Svensen, Henrik Hovland (2023). Eruption history through late-stage rift activity: the central volcanoes and caldera-related deposits of the Permian Oslo Rift, southern Norway.
Mariani, Cristina & Callegaro, Sara (2023). K16.
Deegan, Frances M.; Bédard, Jean H.; Grasby, Stephen E.; Dewing, Keith; Geiger, Harri & Misiti, Valeria [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2023). Magma-Shale Interaction and Volatile Mobilization at LIPs: Insights from Kinetic Experiments.
Callegaro, Sara; Dal Corso, Jacopo & Song, Haijun (2023). Editorial: How Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) during the Triassic shaped modern-day ecosystems. Frontiers in Earth Science. ISSN 2296-6463. 11. doi: 10.3389/feart.2023.1302216. Full text in Research Archive
Callegaro, Sara; Svensen, Henrik Hovland; Heimdal, Thea Hatlen; Kjøll, Hans Jørgen; Harstad, Andreas Olaus & Neumann, Else Ragnhild (2022). New insights on shallow intrusions from the early stage of the Oslo Rift. .
Callegaro, Sara; Svensen, Henrik Hovland; Deegan, Frances M.; Planke, Sverre & Polozov, Alexander (2022). Magma-host rock interaction in basaltic sills from the Siberian Traps (Tunguska basin, Russia): mineral scale and whole-rock perspectives.
Boscaini, Andrea; Davies, Joshua H.F.L.; Sassi, Raffaele; Mazzoli, Claudio; Callegaro, Sara & De Min, Angelo [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Lifetime of the Early Permian giant caldera-system of Bolzano/Bozen (North-eastern Italy).
Boscaini, Andrea; Marzoli, Andrea; Bertrand, Hervé; Chiaradia, Massimo; Jourdan, Fred & Faccenda, Manuele [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). The architecture of the lithospheric mantle controlled the emplacement of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province.
Belosa, Lea; Gaina, Carmen; Callegaro, Sara; Mazzini, Adriano; Meyzen, Christine M & Polteau, Stephane [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Plume-Fracture Zone interactions in the NE Atlantic.
Capriolo, Manfredo (2021). "Mass extinction-related CO2 emissions from Earth’s past" .
Capriolo, Manfredo; Callegaro, Sara; Dal Corso, Jacopo; Newton, Robert J.; Baker, Don R. & Renne, Paul R [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Synchrotron light X-ray microtomography reveals a crystalline mush within the deep plumbing system of Large Igneous Provinces.
Belosa, Lea; Gaina, Carmen; Callegaro, Sara; Trønnes, Reidar G; Mazzini, Adriano & Meyzen, Christine M [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Constraining the enigmatic source of Vesteris Seamount volcanism.
Callegaro, Sara; Svensen, Henrik Hovland; Jerram, Dougal Alexander; Neumann, Else Ragnhild; Deegan, Frances M. & Polozov, Alexander [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Geochemistry of low-Ti Siberian Traps sills from the Tunguska Basin bears evidence of magma-crust interaction.
Lindström, Sofie; Callegaro, Sara; Davies, J.; Tegner, Christian; van de Schootbrugge, Bas & Krarup Pedersen, Gunver [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Tracing volcanic emissions from the CAMP volcanism in the sedimentary and biotic record.
Capriolo, Manfredo; Callegaro, Sara; Marzoli, Andrea; Aradi, László E.; Dal Corso, Jacopo & Newton, Robert J. [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Deep CO2 from the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province during the end-Triassic mass extinction.
Baker, Don R.; Callegaro, Sara; Renne, Paul R; De Min, A.; Whitehouse, Martin J. & Marzoli, A (2021). Don’t blame it on Fluorine: Low F concentrations in Deccan Traps magmas straddling the extinction interval estimated from in situ analyses on clinopyroxene.
Callegaro, Sara; Baker, Don R. & Marzoli, Andrea (2021). Quantifying S in silicate melts from their crystal cargo: data and applications.
Callegaro, Sara; Baker, Don R. & Marzoli, Andrea (2021). Quantifying S in silicate melts from their crystal cargo: data and applications. Show summary
Five volatile species, H2O, CO2, F, Cl, and S, exert their strong control on magmatic systems, but their quantification remains challenging due to their elusive nature. Partitioning between nominally volatile-free minerals and melts was vastly studied for four out of these five volatiles (H2O, CO2, F, and Cl), except sulfur. We here present measurements of sulfur partitioning between clinopyroxene and silicate melts over a range of pressure (0.8-1.2 GPa), temperature (1000-1240°C), and melt composition (49-66 wt% SiO2; Callegaro et al., 2014; 2020).
Callegaro, Sara & Fransson, Line (2021). Frykter flere vulkan-utbrudd og giftig gass. [Newspaper]. Dagbladet.
Baker, Don R.; Callegaro, Sara; De Min, Angelo; Whitehouse, MJ & Marzoli, Andrea (2020). Fluorine partitioning between quadrilateral clinopyroxenes and melt. Show summary
Concentrations of fluorine and chlorine were measured by ion-probe in quenched melts (glasses) and coexisting clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase in run products of experiments previously used to measure sulfur partitioning between these phases. The partitioning of F between clinopyroxene and silicate melt was determined over a range of pressure, temperature, and melt compositions ranging from basaltic to dacitic (49 to 66 wt.% SiO2) at 0.8 to 1.2 GPa and 1000 to 1240 °C, at hydrous and anhydrous conditions in 13 experiments. Additionally, we determined the crystal-melt partitioning of F for 4 experiments with plagioclase, 2 with orthopyroxene, and 1 with olivine. Although Cl was also measured in the experiments, the concentrations in the crystals are close to measurements in the nominally Cl-free fused silica glass Herasil® and therefore may be at background concentration levels. The partition coefficients of fluorine between clinopyroxene and melt varied from ~0.09 to 0.29 and were linearly dependent upon the concentration of aluminum in the octahedral M1 site of clinopyroxene. Similar relationships were seen in previous studies of the fluorine partition coefficient between clinopyroxene and melt, but no universal relationship that explains all measurements was discovered. These differences are attributed to differing analytical protocols used in the various studies. Nevertheless, we conclude that the self-consistency of each study indicates that F partition coefficients determined using one protocol can be applied to minerals or glasses analyzed using the same protocol to better understand the storage and transport of fluorine in magmatic systems.