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Disputas: Evelien Jacoba Cornelia van Dijk

Ph.d.-kandidat Evelien Jacoba Cornelia van Dijk ved Institutt for geofag, Det matematisk-naturvitenskapelige fakultet, vil forsvare avhandlingen A Tale of Fire and Ice: How clusters of large volcanic eruptions shaped climate and societies of the mid- to late-Holocene for graden Philosophiae Doctor.

Evelien Jacoba Cornelia van Dijk. Foto: Privat

Evelien Jacoba Cornelia van Dijk. Foto: Privat

Disputas og prøveforelesning vil bli holdt i Auditorium 1, Geologibygningen. I noen tilfeller vil det være mulig å delta på prøveforelesningen og disputas digitalt, i så fall blir det lagt ut en lenke til Zoom.

Prøveforelesning

Torsdag 15 desember, 15:15-16:00, Aud 1, Geologibygningen:

Natural processes as analogues for solar radiation management – scientific, societal and ethical challenges

Kreeringssammendrag

Vulkanutbrudd kan forårsake langvarige avkjølingsperioder, og det er kjent at dette skjedde regelmessig mellom 6000 f.Kr. – 1850 e.Kr. på den nordlige halvkule. En av de kaldeste periodene var på midten av 600-tallet da to store vulkanutbrudd satte i gang en langvarig nedkjøling som varte i mer enn 20 år. Kuldeperioden hadde alvorlige konsekvenser på landbruk og samfunnet i Sør-Norge, og medførte at gårdene ble forlatt. I avhandlingen er kuldeperiodene dokumentert gjennom klimamodellsimuleringer, vekstgradsmodell, samt lokale pollendata og arkeologiske bevis.

Hovedfunn

Populærvitenskapelig artikkel om Dijks avhandling:

A Tale of Fire and Ice: How clusters of large volcanic eruptions shaped climate and societies of the mid- to late-Holocene

During the last 8000 years, clusters of extremely cold years occurred, which according to our climate model simulations can only be explained by large explosive volcanic eruptions. Volcanic-induced multi-centennial cold periods occurred once or twice per millennia throughout this Holocene period. The fourth-coldest of these long-lasting cold periods took place during the mid-6th century. Our model simulations reveal that due to the volcanic-induced surface cooling, Arctic sea ice extended further south, creating a heat exchange barrier between the ocean and the atmosphere. In addition, the ocean heat transport into the Arctic was reduced, leading to prolonged surface cooling.

Our climate model simulations for the mid-6th century scenario combined with a growing-degree-day model and local pollen records reveal that this cooling had a severe impact on societies in Southern Norway. The mountainous inland study area as well as the west coast of Norway experienced a reduction in agricultural activity and farm abandonment, whereas in the Oslo fjord area agriculture and society were hardly affected. The presented model results for the Holocene can support the paleoclimate community in identifying cold periods found in local paleoclimate records and can be used to improve our understanding of future climate.

Image may contain: Rectangle, Organism, Slope, Font, Line.
Cooling: 200-year running mean 2 m air temperature anomaly (teal), 200-year accumulated aerosol optical depth (AOD) (grey), and annual mean AOD (black) for the model simulated mid to late-Holocene. The horizontal dashed lines indicate the 2-sigma significance level. Periods with the strongest cooling and periods with the highest accumulated AOD are numbered (1-12). The green squares above the coldest periods concide with low growth in Scandinavian tree ring records (Helama et al., 2021), and the purple squares indicate NH glacier advances (Wanner et al., 2008). The mid-6th century cooling (LALIA) and the two phases of the Little Ice Age (LIA) are marked with arrows. See larger version. Figure: Evelien Van Dijk

Foto og annen informasjon:

Pressefoto: Evelien Jacoba Cornelia van Dijk, portrett; 800px. Foto: Privat

Annet bildemateriale: Figur med beskrivelse og kreditering som spesifisert i artikkelen over, størrelse 1300px.

Publisert 2. des. 2022 10:50 - Sist endret 21. des. 2022 14:16