Ketil Hylland

• Carlsen, Eira Catharine Lødrup; Hjelset, Sverre; Gomes, Tania; Igartha, Amaia; Sørensen, Lisbet & Booth, Andy [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Synthetic and natural rubber associated chemicals drive functional and structural changes as well as adaptations to antibiotics in in vitro marine microbiomes. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. ISSN 0147-6513. 273. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116134.
• Dinh, van Khuong; Konestabo, Heidi Sjursen; Borgå, Katrine; Hylland, Ketil; Macaulay, Samuel J. & Jackson, Michelle C [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Interactive Effects of Warming and Pollutants on Marine and Freshwater Invertebrates. Current Pollution Reports. ISSN 2198-6592. 8, s. 341–359. doi: 10.1007/s40726-022-00245-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Keilen, Ellen Kristine; Borgå, Katrine; Thorstensen, Helene Skjeie; Hylland, Ketil; Helberg, Morten & Warner, Nicholas Alexander [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Differences in Trophic Level, Contaminant Load, and DNA Damage in an Urban and a Remote Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) Breeding Colony in Coastal Norway. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. ISSN 0730-7268. 41(10), s. 2466–2478. doi: 10.1002/etc.5441. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Herring gulls (Larus argentatus) are opportunistic feeders, resulting in contaminant exposure depending on area and habitat. We compared contaminant concentrations and dietary markers between two herring gull breeding colonies with different distances to extensive human activity and presumed contaminant exposure from the local marine diet. Furthermore, we investigated the integrity of DNA in white blood cells and sensitivity to oxidative stress. We analyzed blood from 15 herring gulls from each colony—the urban Oslofjord near the Norwegian capital Oslo in the temperate region and the remote Hornøya island in northern Norway, on the Barents Sea coast. Based on d13C and d34S, the dietary sources of urban gulls differed, with some individuals having a marine and others a more terrestrial dietary signal. All remote gulls had a marine dietary signal and higher relative trophic level than the urban marine feeding gulls. Concentrations (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) of most persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyl ethers (PCBs) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), were higher in urban marine (PCB153 17 ± 17 ng/g wet weight, PFOS 25 ± 21 ng/g wet wt) than urban terrestrial feeders (PCB153 3.7 ± 2.4 ng/g wet wt, PFOS 6.7 ± 10 ng/g wet wt). Despite feeding at a higher trophic level (d15N), the remote gulls (PCB153 17 ± 1221 ng/g wet wt, PFOS 19 ± 1421 ng/g wet wt) were similar to the urban marine feeders. Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes were detected in only a few gulls, except for decamethylcyclopentasiloxane in the urban colony, which was found in 12 of 13 gulls. Only hexachlorobenzene was present in higher concentrations in the remote (2.6 ± 0.42 ng/g wet wt) compared with the urban colony (0.34 ± 0.33 ng/g wet wt). Baseline and induced DNA damage (doublestreak breaks) was higher in urban than in remote gulls for both terrestrial and marine feeders.

• Yadetie, Fekadu; Brun, Nadja Rebecca; Giebichenstein, Julia; Dmoch, Katarzyna; Hylland, Ketil & Borgå, Katrine [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Transcriptome responses in copepods Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus exposed to phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene. Marine Genomics. ISSN 1874-7787. 65, s. 1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.margen.2022.100981. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lode, Torben; Heuschele, Jan David; Andersen, Tom; Titelman, Josefin; Hylland, Ketil & Borgå, Katrine (2021). Density-Dependent Metabolic Costs of Copper Exposure in a Coastal Copepod. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. ISSN 0730-7268. 40(9), s. 2538–2546. doi: 10.1002/etc.5141. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hylland, Ketil; Bellas, Juan; Giltrap, Michelle & Brooks, Steven (2021). How can we quantify and manage the impact of chemical pollution in the oceans? ICES Scientific Reports. ISSN 2618-1371. 3(102). doi: 10.17895/ices.pub.5446. Vis sammendrag

  Chemical pollution is ubiquitous in the world’s oceans and affects marine organisms. Pollutants in marine ecosystems include trace metals and organic pollutants such as pesticides, industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, household chemicals, chemicals released from transport and chemicals associated with solid waste or effluents. The substances of major concern are persistent, bioaccumulative and/or have high or specific toxicity to marine organisms. Although the extent to which contaminants accumulate in organisms is clearly important, not least from the perspective of human consumption, the relationship between the concentration of one or more contaminants in tissues of an organism and health impact is not straightforward. To quantify the impact of chemical pollutants on marine organisms there is therefore a need to quantify their toxicity in the field. Chemical pollutants are known to cause effects on populations of marine organisms, e.g. endocrine disruption caused by the antifouling agent tributyltin in gastropods, reproductive failure in Baltic grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) and in European killer whale (Orcinus orca), the latter two associated with accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs. Important mechanisms of toxicity in marine organisms are carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, endocrine disruption, reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity. Methods to quantify carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption, reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity have to varying extents been included in monitoring programmes in European countries over the past decades. The methods in use have been chosen for their ability to distinguish between effects from contaminant exposure and the influence of other environmental processes. For most of them, there is an understanding of the mechanism of toxicity and the relationship between exposure and response is known. Over the past two decades, ICES working groups have developed a list of recommended methods, as well as criteria by which to assess data for the different methods and species. In parallel, activities have been established to ensure the quality and consistency of effect data from national and international monitoring programmes. The range of organisms used in monitoring programmes does not represent the full marine biodiversity. Progress has however been made to allow intercomparison of effect responses between species through developing species-specific assessment guidelines. Society needs to know the extent to which chemicals affect the oceans. New substances, for which there are no or limited effects data, are continuously being introduced, and a combination of methods will need to be used to identify and quantify health impacts caused by chemical pollutants. The following are recommendations for national and international monitoring programmes. 1. Full adoption of the ’biological effects methods’ monitoring approach within the integrated chemical-biological monitoring and assessment framework for accurate and realistic assessment of chemical pollution and its impacts, including the effects of chemical mixtures. 2. Inclusion of robust monitoring methods that quantify the most important toxicity mechanisms: carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and endocrine disruptiony. 3. Develop and implement quality assurance programs and intercalibration exercises to ensure comparability of data between laboratories, and to promote free accessibility of data. 4. Continue to bring in new evidence of biological effects of chemical pollution into national and international regulatory frameworks.

• Barreto, A.; Carvalho, A.; Silva, D.; Pinto, E.; Almeida, A. & Paíga, P. [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Effects of single and combined exposures of gold (nano versus ionic form) and gemfibrozil in a liver organ culture of Sparus aurata. Marine Pollution Bulletin. ISSN 0025-326X. 160, s. 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111665. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lode, Torben; Heuschele, Jan David; Andersen, Tom; Titelman, Josefin; Hylland, Ketil & Borgå, Katrine (2020). Contrasting Effects of Predation Risk and Copper on Copepod Respiration Rates. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. ISSN 0730-7268. 39(9), s. 1765–1773. doi: 10.1002/etc.4804. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Barreto, A.; Carvalho, A.; Campos, A.; Osório, H.; Pinto, Edgar & Almeida, Agostinho [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Effects of gold nanoparticles in gilthead seabream—A proteomic approach. Aquatic Toxicology. ISSN 0166-445X. 221, s. 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105445. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Barreto, A.; Dias, Ana Cláudia; Duarte, B.; Pinto, Edgar; Almeida, Agostinho & Trindade, T. [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Biological effects and bioaccumulation of gold in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) – Nano versus ionic form. Science of the Total Environment. ISSN 0048-9697. 716, s. 1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137026. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Parmentier, Koen F.V.; Verhaegen, Yves; De Witte, Bavo P.; Hoffman, Stefan; Delbare, Daan H.R. & Roose, Patrick M. [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Tributyltin: A bottom-up regulator of the Crangon crangon population? Frontiers in Marine Science. ISSN 2296-7745. 6, s. 1–14. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00633. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sahlmann, Andrea Silke; Lode, Torben; Heuschele, Jan David; Borgå, Katrine; Titelman, Josefin & Hylland, Ketil (2019). Genotoxic Response and Mortality in 3 Marine Copepods Exposed to Waterborne Copper. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. ISSN 0730-7268. 38(10), s. 2224–2232. doi: 10.1002/etc.4541.
• Kristiansen, Silje Marie; Leinaas, Hans Petter; Herzke, Dorte; Hylland, Ketil; Gabrielsen, Geir W. & Harju, Mikael [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Seabird-transported contaminants are reflected in the Arctic tundra, but not in its soil-dwelling springtails (Collembola). Environmental Science and Technology. ISSN 0013-936X. 53(21), s. 12835–12845. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05316.
• Dietz, Rune; Letcher, Robert J; Desforges, Jean-Pierre; Eulaers, Igor; Sonne, Christian & Wilson, Simon [Vis alle 70 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Current state of knowledge on biological effects from contaminants on arctic wildlife and fish. Science of the Total Environment. ISSN 0048-9697. 696. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133792. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Since the last Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) effort to review biological effects of the exposure to organohalogen compounds (OHCs) in Arctic biota, there has been a considerable number of new Arctic effect studies. Here, we provide an update on the state of the knowledge of OHC, and also include mercury, exposure and/or associated effects in key Arctic marine and terrestrial mammal and bird species as well as in fish by reviewing the literature published since the last AMAP assessment in 2010. We aimed at updating the knowledge of how single but also combined health effects are or can be associated to the exposure to single compounds or mixtures of OHCs. We also focussed on assessing both potential individual as well as population health impacts using population-specific exposure data post 2000. We have identified quantifiable effects on vitamin metabolism, immune functioning, thyroid and steroid hormone balances, oxidative stress, tissue pathology, and reproduction. As with the previous assessment, a wealth of documentation is available for biological effects in marine mammals and seabirds, and sentinel species such as the sledge dog and Arctic fox, but information for terrestrial vertebrates and fish remain scarce. While hormones and vitamins are thoroughly studied, oxidative stress, immunotoxic and reproductive effects need further investigation. Depending on the species and population, some OHCs and mercury tissue contaminant burdens post 2000 were observed to be high enough to exceed putative risk threshold levels that have been previously estimated for non-target species or populations outside the Arctic. In this assessment, we made use of risk quotient calculations to summarize the cumulative effects of different OHC classes and mercury for which critical body burdens can be estimated for wildlife across the Arctic. As our ultimate goal is to better predict or estimate the effects of OHCs and mercury in Arctic wildlife at the individual, population and ecosystem level, there remain numerous knowledge gaps on the biological effects of exposure in Arctic biota. These knowledge gaps include the establishment of concentration thresholds for individual compounds as well as for realistic cocktail mixtures that in fact indicate biologically relevant, and not statistically determined, health effects for specific species and subpopulations. Finally, we provide future perspectives on understanding Arctic wildlife health using new in vivo, in vitro, and in silico techniques, and provide case studies on multiple stressors to show that future assessments would benefit from significant efforts to integrate human health, wildlife ecology and retrospective and forecasting aspects into assessing the biological effects of OHC and mercury exposure in Arctic wildlife and fish.

• Jensen, Tor & Hylland, Ketil (2019). Environmental adaptive management: Application on submarine mine tailings disposal. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. ISSN 1551-3777. 15(4), s. 575–583. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4134. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Barreto, Angela; Luís, Luís G; Pinto, Edgar; Almeida, Agostinho; Paiga, Paula & Santos, Lucia [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Genotoxicity of gold nanoparticles in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) after single exposure and combined with the pharmaceutical gemfibrozil. Chemosphere. ISSN 0045-6535. 220, s. 11–19. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.090.
• Dale, Karina; Müller, Mette Bjørge; Tairova, Zhanna; Khan, Essa Ahsan; Hatlen, Kristin & Grung, Merete [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Contaminant accumulation and biological responses in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) caged at a capped waste disposal site in Kollevåg, Western Norway. Marine Environmental Research. ISSN 0141-1136. 145, s. 39–51. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.02.003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aim of this study was to assess whether fish in Kollevåg, a sheltered bay on the western coast of Norway, previously utilized as a waste disposal site, could be affected by environmental contaminants leaking from the waste. Farmed, juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were caged for six weeks at three different locations in Kollevåg bay and at one reference location. Sediments and cod samples (bile and liver) were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites, revealing a contamination gradient at the four stations. Furthermore, hepatosomatic index (HSI) and Fulton's condition factor (CF) were significantly lower in cod caged closest to the disposal site. Levels and activities of biomarker proteins, such as vitellogenin (Vtg), metallothionein (Mt), and biotransformation and oxidative stress enzymes, including cytochrome P450 1a and 3a (Cyp1a, Cyp3a), glutathione s-transferase (Gst) and catalase (Cat), were quantified in blood plasma and liver tissue. Hepatic Cat and Gst activities were significantly reduced in cod caged at the innermost stations in Kollevåg, indicating modulation of oxidative stress responses. However, these results contrasted with reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation. Significant increases in transcript levels were observed for genes involved in lipid metabolism (fasn and acly) in cod liver, while transcript levels of ovarian steroidogenic enzyme genes such as p450scc, cyp19, 3β-hsd and 20β-hsd showed significant station-dependent increases. Cyp1a and Vtg protein levels were however not significantly altered in cod caged in Kollevåg. Plasma levels of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) were determined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and showed elevated E2 levels, but only at the innermost station. We conclude that the bay of Kollevåg did not fullfill adequate environmental condition based on environmental quality standards (EQSs) for chemicals in coastal waters. Following a six weeks caging period, environmental contaminants accumulated in cod tissues and effects were observed on biomarker responses, especially those involved in reproductive processes in cod ovary.

• Lode, Torben; Heuschele, Jan David; Andersen, Tom; Titelman, Josefin; Hylland, Ketil & Borgå, Katrine (2018). Predation Risk Potentiates Toxicity of a Common Metal Contaminant in a Coastal Copepod. Environmental Science and Technology. ISSN 0013-936X. 52(22), s. 13535–13542. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03685.
• Barreto, Angela; Luis, L.G.; Pinto, Edgar; Almeida, A; Paiga, P & Santos, LHMLM [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Effects and bioaccumulation of gold nanoparticles in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) – Single and combined exposures with gemfibrozil. Chemosphere. ISSN 0045-6535. 215, s. 248–260. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.175.
• Bour, Agathe; Avio, Carlo Giacomo; Gorbi, Stefania; Regoli, Francesco & Hylland, Ketil (2018). Presence of microplastics in benthic and epibenthic organisms: Influence of habitat, feeding mode and trophic level. Environmental Pollution (1987). ISSN 0269-7491. 243, s. 1217–1225. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.115. Vis sammendrag

  The exponential production and use of plastics has generated increasing environmental release over the past decades, and microplastics (MPs) have been reported across all the oceans. Field studies have documented the occurrence of MPs in several species, but important knowledge gaps still remain. In the present study, we characterized the distribution of MPs in ten sediment-dwelling and epibenthic species representative of different habitat, feeding modes and trophic levels within the inner Oslofjord (Oslo, Norway), an area subjected to moderate anthropogenic pressures. Analysed species included fish, bi- valves, echinoderms, crustaceans and polychaetes. MPs were present in all the species with a frequency up to 65% of positive individuals for some species. In most cases, 1 or 2 MPs were found per individual, but some organisms contained up to 7 particles. A total of 8 polymer typologies were identified, with PE and PP being the most common according to our extraction protocol. MP sizes ranged from 41 mm to lines as long as 9 mm. Our results indicate that occurrence of MPs in analysed biota is not influenced by or- ganism habitat or trophic level, while characteristics and typology of polymers might be significantly affected by feeding mode of organisms

• Bour, Agathe; Haarr, Ane; Keiter, Steffen & Hylland, Ketil (2018). Environmentally relevant microplastic exposure affects sediment-dwelling bivalves. Environmental Pollution (1987). ISSN 0269-7491. 236, s. 652–660. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.006.
• Barreto, A; Luis, L.G.; Paiga, P; Santos, LHMLM; Delerue-Matos, C & Soares, A. M. V. M. [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). A multibiomarker approach highlights effects induced by the human pharmaceutical gemfibrozil to gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. Aquatic Toxicology. ISSN 0166-445X. 200, s. 266–274. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.05.012.
• Haarr, Ane; Hylland, Ketil; Eckbo, Norith; Gabrielsen, Geir W.; Herzke, Dorte & Bustnes, Jan Ove [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). DNA Damage in Arctic Seabirds: Baseline, Sensitivity to a Genotoxic Stressor, and Association with Organohalogen Contaminants. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. ISSN 0730-7268. 37(4), s. 1084–1091. doi: 10.1002/etc.4035. Vis sammendrag

  Environmental contaminants are found throughout Arctic marine ecosystems, and their presence in seabirds has been associated with toxicological responses. However, there are few studies of genotoxicity in Arctic avian wildlife. The purpose of the present study was to quantify deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in lymphocytes of selected seabird species and to examine whether accumulation of organohalogen contaminants (SOHCs) affects DNA damage. Blood was sampled from common eider (Somateria mollissima), black guillemot (Cepphus grylle), black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), arctic skua (Stercorarius parasiticus), and great skua (Stercorarius skua) in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (Norway). Contaminant concentrations found in the 6 species differed, presumably because of foraging ecology and biomagnification. Despite large differences in contaminant concentrations, ranging from SOHCs 3.3 ng/g wet weight in the common eider to SOHCs 895 ng/g wet weight in the great skua, there was no strong difference among the species in baseline DNA damage or sensitivity to a genotoxic stressor (hydrogen peroxide). Baseline levels of DNA damage were low, with median values ranging from 1.7% in the common eider to 8.6% in the great skua. There were no associations between DNA damage and contaminants in the investigated species, suggesting that contaminant concentrations in Kongsfjorden are too low to evoke genotoxic effects, or possibly that lymphocytes are resistant to strand breakage. Clearly, genotoxicity is a topic for future studies of Arctic seabirds Arctic; Seabirds; Genotoxicity; Comet Assay; Persistent organic pollutants; Perfluoroalkyl substances

• Hansson, Tomas; Thain, JE; Martínez-Gómez, Concepción; Hylland, Ketil; Gubbins, Matthew J. & Balk, Lennart (2017). Supporting variables for biological effects measurements in fish and blue mussel. ICES Techniques in Marine Environmental Science. ISSN 0903-2606. 60, s. 1–24. doi: 10.17895/%20ices.pub.2903. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Barreto, A; Luis, L.G.; Soares, A. M. V. M.; Paiga, P; Santos, LHMLM & Delerue-Matos, C [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Genotoxicity of gemfibrozil in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Mutation Research. Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis. ISSN 1383-5718. 821, s. 36–42. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.05.011.
• Holth, Tor Fredrik; Storset, Audun; Ribeiro, Anne Luise; Ólafsdóttir, Ásdís; Halldorsson, Halldor P. & Hylland, Ketil (2017). Environmentally realistic exposure to weathered North Sea oil: Sublethal effects in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A. ISSN 1528-7394. 80(16-18), s. 895–906. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1352195.
• Sahlmann, Andrea Silke; Wolf, Raoul; Holth, Tor Fredrik; Titelman, Josefin & Hylland, Ketil (2017). Baseline and oxidative DNA damage in marine invertebrates. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A. ISSN 1528-7394. 80(16-18), s. 807–819. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1352179. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Burgeot, Thierry; Akcha, Farida; Ménard, Dominique; Robinson, Craig; Loizeau, Véronique & Brach-Papa, Christophe [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Integrated monitoring of chemicals and their effects on four sentinel species, Limanda limanda, Platichthys flesus, Nucella lapillus and Mytilus sp., in Seine Bay: A key step towards applying biological effects to monitoring. Marine Environmental Research. ISSN 0141-1136. 124, s. 92–105. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.10.009.
• Vethaak, A. Dick; Davies, Ian M.; Thain, John E.; Gubbins, Matthew J.; Martínez-Gómez, Concepción & Robinson, Craig D. [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Integrated indicator framework and methodology for monitoring and assessment of hazardous substances and their effects in the marine environment. Marine Environmental Research. ISSN 0141-1136. 124, s. 11–20. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.09.010.
• Hylland, Ketil; Robinson, Craig D.; Burgeot, Thierry; Martínez-Gómez, Concepción; Lang, Thomas & Svavarsson, Jörundur [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Integrated chemical and biological assessment of contaminant impacts in selected European coastal and offshore marine areas. Marine Environmental Research. ISSN 0141-1136. 124, s. 130–138. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.05.014. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hylland, Ketil; Burgeot, Thierry; Martínez-Gómez, Concepción; Lang, Thomas; Robinson, Craig D. & Svavarsson, Jörundur [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). How can we quantify impacts of contaminants in marine ecosystems? The ICON project. Marine Environmental Research. ISSN 0141-1136. 124, s. 2–10. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.11.006. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Martínez-Gómez, Concepción; Robinson, Craig David; Burgeot, Thierry; Gubbins, Matt; Halldorsson, Halldor P. & Albentosa, Marina [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Biomarkers of general stress in mussels as common indicators for marine biomonitoring programmes in Europe: The ICON experience. Marine Environmental Research. ISSN 0141-1136. 124, s. 70–80. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.10.012.
• Robinson, Craig D.; Webster, Lynda; Martínez-Gómez, Concepción; Burgeot, Thierry; Gubbins, Matthew J. & Thain, John E. [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Assessment of contaminant concentrations in sediments, fish and mussels sampled from the North Atlantic and European regional seas within the ICON project. Marine Environmental Research. ISSN 0141-1136. 124, s. 21–31. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.04.005.
• Hylland, Ketil; Skei, Bjørn Borge; Brunborg, Gunnar; Lang, Thomas; Gubbins, Matthew J. & Le Goff, Jérémie [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). DNA damage in dab (Limanda limanda) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) from European seas. Marine Environmental Research. ISSN 0141-1136. 124, s. 54–60. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.01.001. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kammann, Ulrike; Akcha, Farida; Budzinski, Hélène; Burgeot, Thierry; Gubbins, Matthew J. & Lang, Thomas [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). PAH metabolites in fish bile: From the Seine estuary to Iceland. Marine Environmental Research. ISSN 0141-1136. 124, s. 41–45. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.02.014.
• Martinez-Gomez, Concepcion; Fernandez, Beatriz; Robinson, Craig D.; Campillo, Juan Antonio; Leon, Victor M. & Benedicto, Jose [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Assessing environmental quality status by integrating chemical and biological effect data: The Cartagena coastal zone as a case. Marine Environmental Research. ISSN 0141-1136. 124, s. 106–117. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.04.008.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Goksøyr, Anders; Eide, Marta; Brun, Nadja Rebecca; Yadetie, Fekadu; Zhang, Xiaokang & Hylland, Ketil [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Complex mixture and omics responses in Atlantic cod: a time- and dose-response study.
• Dinh, van Khuong; Titleman, Josefin; Søreide, Janne; Hylland, Ketil & Borgå, Katrine (2022). Long-Term Effects of Warming and Pyrene on Calanus hyperboreus.
• Carlsen, Eira Catharine Lødrup; Hylland, Ketil; Gomes, Tania; Sørensen, Lisbet; Booth, Andrew & Eiler, Alexander (2022). Plastic leachates as drivers for bacterial community structure and functioning, including antibiotic resistance.
• Yadetie, Fekadu; Brun, Nadja Rebecca; Giebichenstein, Julia; Hylland, Ketil; Borgå, Katrine & Karlsen, Odd André [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Transcriptome responses in copepods Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus exposed to phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene. Vis sammendrag

  With the warming Arctic allowing more human activities, the marine arctic ecosystems are increasingly at risk of exposure to pollutants from offshore petroleum-related industries. Thus, it is important to understand how arctic and sub-arctic pelagic organisms respond to crude oil-related contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The copepod species Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus are the most abundant pelagic zooplankton in the northern Barents Sea and represent key links in the arctic marine food web. The three species were sampled during a research cruise on the Norwegian vessel RV Kronprins Haakon in August 2019 and subsequently exposed onboard at 3.5 ˚C (C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis), and 1.5 ˚C (C. hyperboreus) for 72 h to phenanthrene (Phe; 0.1 µM) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP; 0.1 µM), representing low and high molecular weight PAHs, respectively. Global transcriptome (RNA-seq) analysis revealed differential expression of several genes involved in many cellular pathways. In C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis, the PAH exposure resulted in up-regulation of genes encoding enzymes in xenobiotic biotransformation processes, particularly the phase II cytosolic sulfonation system that includes 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase (PAPSS) and sulfotransferases (SULTs). The sulfonation pathway genes were more strongly induced by BaP than Phe in C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis, but were not affected in C. hyperboreus. However, a larger number of genes and pathways were modulated by the PAHs in C. hyperboreus including genes encoding xenobiotic biotransformation and lipid metabolism enzymes, suggesting stronger responses to crude oil exposure in this high-Arctic species. The results suggest that cytosolic sulfonation is a major phase II conjugation pathway for PAHs in C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis. Further, the overall results from the transcriptome analysis provide insights into mechanisms involved in PAH response and metabolism in the three Calanus species most dominant in the region. Funding: The study was funded by the Research Council of Norway, through the Nansen Legacy Project (276730).

• Hylland, Ketil (2022). Comment to Christina Rudén "The precautionary principle in regulatory toxicology".
• Hylland, Ketil (2021). Seminar om sprøytemidler. [Internett]. Økologisk Norge - streamet seminar.
• Hylland, Ketil (2021). Kjemisk-syntetiske sprøytemidler: Det store eksperimentet. Ren Mat.
• Hylland, Ketil (2021). Forskning kobler stoff som gjør plast mykt til risiko for tidlig død. Forskning.no. ISSN 1891-635X.
• Hylland, Ketil (2021). Hvor farlig er egentlig sprøytemidler (aka plantevernmidler)?
• Yadetie, Fekadu; Brun, Nadja Rebecca; Vieweg, Ireen; Nahrgang, Jasmine; Giebichenstein, Julia & Dmoch, Kasia [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Genomic responses to pollutants in Arctic fish and copepod species.
• Dinh, van Khuong; Titelman, Josefin; Søreide, Janne; Hylland, Ketil & Borgå, Katrine (2021). Long-term effects of warming and pyrene on Calanus hyperboreus.
• Kaartvedt, Stein & Hylland, Ketil (2021). Oslofjorden er langt fra død. Dagens næringsliv. ISSN 0803-9372.
• Hylland, Ketil (2021). Fiskesamfunn og miljøgiftsituasjonen i fjorden.
• Hylland, Ketil (2021). EDs - how different is wildlife to humans?
• Hylland, Ketil (2021). Microplastics and sediment-dwelling organisms.
• Søbstad, Ingrid Holtan; Sælemyr, Lisbeth; Thorsen, Anders; Hylland, Ketil; Kögel, Tanja & Mortensen, Stein [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Nile Red and polarised light for visualization of microplastics in mussels (Mytilus spp.).
• Bellas, Juan; Hylland, Ketil & Thierry, Burgeot (2020). Editorial: New Challenges in Marine Pollution Monitoring. Frontiers in Marine Science. ISSN 2296-7745. 6. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00820.
• Hylland, Ketil (2019). Hvor forurenset er indre Oslofjord?
• Hylland, Ketil (2019). Ecological consequences of microplastics in the sea.
• Hylland, Ketil (2019). Vernet elv full av tarmbakterier og miljøgifter. [Radio]. NRK.
• Hylland, Ketil (2019). Spor av nervegift i sitrusfrukt i Norge og Sverige. [Radio]. NRK.
• Hylland, Ketil (2019). Forbudt insektmiddel funnet i mat over hele Europa. [Avis]. Dagbladet.
• Hylland, Ketil (2019). Det store fluorsjokket. [Avis]. Dagbladet.
• Hylland, Ketil (2019). Kan vi få Langrenns-Norge fluorfri? [Avis]. Dagbladet.
• Hylland, Ketil (2019). Nervegift påvist i klementiner. [Avis]. Dagbladet.
• Kristiansen, Silje Marie; Leinaas, Hans Petter; Herzke, Dorte; Hylland, Ketil; Gabrielsen, Geir W. & Harju, Mikael [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). The Arctic tundra and its soil-dwelling springtails (Collembola) reflect nitrogen and contaminants biotransported by seabirds.
• Goksøyr, Anders; Alendal, Guttorm; Aranguren-Abadía, Libe; Arukwe, Augustine; Blaser, Nello & Brun, Morten [Vis alle 29 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). dCOD 1.0: DECODING THE SYSTEMS TOXICOLOGY OF ATLANTIC COD (GADUS MORHUA) – HIGHLIGHTS SO FAR. Vis sammendrag

  The Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is an important species in North Atlantic fisheries, as well as coastal and pelagic ecosystems. It is also a widely used indicator species in European monitoring programs. The goal of the dCod 1.0-project is to combine competencies in environmental toxicology, biology, bioinformatics and mathematics across the traditional department boundaries, to create a deeper understanding of the Atlantic cod's adaptations and reactions to stressors in the environment. Building on thorough studies and mapping of the cod genome and long research traditions on the physiology, toxicology and reproduction biology of cod, the dCod project will expand our knowledge with genomics based methods, with studies of how the cod genome responds under different environmental conditions. In dCod 1.0 we have so far generated large amounts of experimental samples and data using in silico (defensome modelling and metabolic reconstruction), in vitro (luciferase reporter assays with cod nuclear receptors and aryl hydrocarbon receptors), ex vivo (precision-cut liver slices), aquaria and field studies, as data sets for bioinformatics analyses and mathematical models that can describe responses based on different scenarios. Overall, the ambition is to create a knowledge-base and a tool for environmental monitoring and risk assessment. Here we will highlight some results and experiences during the first years of the project involving lab and field studies, omics analyses, and transdisciplinary activities. The dCod 1.0 project is funded under the Digital Life Norway initiative of the BIOTEK 2021 program, and the iCod 2.0 project under the ECOSYSTEM program of the Research Council of Norway (project no. 248840 & 244564).

• Goksøyr, Anders; Alendal, Guttorm; Aranguren-Abadía, Libe; Arukwe, Augustine; Blaser, Nello & Brun, Morten [Vis alle 29 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). dCOD 1.0: DECODING THE SYSTEMS TOXICOLOGY OF ATLANTIC COD (GADUS MORHUA) – HIGHLIGHTS SO FAR. Vis sammendrag

  The Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is an important species in North Atlantic fisheries, as well as coastal and pelagic ecosystems. It is also a widely used indicator species in European monitoring programs. The goal of the dCod 1.0-project is to combine competencies in environmental toxicology, biology, bioinformatics and mathematics across the traditional department boundaries, to create a deeper understanding of the Atlantic cod's adaptations and reactions to stressors in the environment. Building on thorough studies and mapping of the cod genome and long research traditions on the physiology, toxicology and reproduction biology of cod, the dCod project will expand our knowledge with genomics based methods, with studies of how the cod genome responds under different environmental conditions. In dCod 1.0 we have so far generated large amounts of experimental samples and data using in silico (defensome modelling and metabolic reconstruction), in vitro (luciferase reporter assays with cod nuclear receptors and aryl hydrocarbon receptors), ex vivo (precision-cut liver slices), aquaria and field studies, as data sets for bioinformatics analyses and mathematical models that can describe responses based on different scenarios. Overall, the ambition is to create a knowledge-base and a tool for environmental monitoring and risk assessment. In this presentation we will highlight some results and experiences during the first years of the project involving lab and field studies, omics analyses, and transdisciplinary activities. The dCod 1.0 project is funded under the Digital Life Norway initiative of the BIOTEK 2021 program, and the iCod 2.0 project under the ECOSYSTEM program of the Research Council of Norway (project no. 248840 & 244564).

• Hylland, Ketil (2019). Hvert år fjernes rundt 80 norske kunstgressbaner. Flere av dem ender opp i naturen. [Internett]. TV2.
• Hylland, Ketil (2018). Testet barneklær – ni av ti inneholdt miljøgifter. [Radio]. NRK.
• Hylland, Ketil (2018). – Vi smører miljøgift rett i ansiktet. [TV]. NRK.
• Hylland, Ketil (2018). Professor bekymret over funn i fet fisk: - Ville tenkt meg nøye om. [Avis]. Dagbladet.
• Hylland, Ketil (2018). Monitoring oil spills: toxicity and timing.
• Drønen, Elena Klåpbakken; Namork, Ellen; Dirven, Hubert; Hylland, Ketil & Nygaard, Unni Cecilie (2018). Does altered gut barrier function facilitate food allergy?
• Hylland, Ketil; Skei, Bjørn Borge; Gilmore, Erik Howard; Fredriksen, Lene; Keilen, Ellen Kristine & Kristiansen, Silje Marie [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Er det en sammenheng mellom miljøgift-eksponering og DNA-skade i spretthaler, hoppekreps, blåskjell, fisk, fugl og isbjørn?
• Hylland, Ketil (2018). Focusing research and education in marine ecotoxicology to facilitate interactions with society.
• Hylland, Ketil (2018). Pollution: are we wilfully destroying nature and harming ourselves?
• Hylland, Ketil (2018). Miljøgifter i mat - nye grenseverdier. [Radio]. NRK - Alltid nyheter.
• Hylland, Ketil (2018). Miljøgiftene i maten langt farligere enn antatt: Professor bekymret over funn i fet fisk: - Ville tenkt meg nøye om - Alarmerende funn i ny EU-rapport kan endre norske kostråd. [Avis]. Dagbladet.
• Hylland, Ketil (2018). dCod - effekter av miljøgifter på torsk. [Radio]. NRK - Nyhetslunsj.
• Hylland, Ketil (2018). Miljøgift i barneprodukter. [Radio]. NRK - Telemarksendingen.
• Hylland, Ketil (2018). Miljøvennlige vaskemidler? [TV]. TV2 hjelper deg.
• Hylland, Ketil (2018). Forbud mot miljøgifter i matemballasje. [Radio]. NRK - Her og Nå.
• Hylland, Ketil (2018). Hvor farlig er det med mikroplast i kroppen? [Radio]. NRK - Her og Nå.
• Hylland, Ketil (2018). Novichok - hva og hvem? [Radio]. NRK - Ekko.
• Hylland, Ketil (2018). Fluorerte stoffer i kosmetikk. [TV]. NRK - FBI.
• Hylland, Ketil (2018). Fluorerte stoffer i barneklær. [Radio]. NRK - Nyhetsmorgen.
• Goksøyr, Anders; Alendal, Guttorm; Aranguren Abadía, Libe; Arukwe, Augustine; Blaser, Nello & Brun, Morten [Vis alle 35 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). dCOD 1.0: DECODING THE SYSTEMS TOXICOLOGY OF ATLANTIC COD (GADUS MORHUA).
• Dale, Karina; Karlsen, Odd Andre; Yadetie, Fekadu; Eide, Marta; Goksøyr, Siri Øfsthus & Aranguren Abadía, Libe [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Ecotoxicological responses in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) after caging at a capped waste disposal site in Kollevåg, Western Norway .
• Dale, Karina; Karlsen, Odd Andre; Yadetie, Fekadu; Eide, Marta; Goksøyr, Siri Øfsthus & Aranguren Abadía, Libe [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Ecotoxicological responses in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) after caging at a capped waste disposal site in Kollevåg, Western Norway .
• Hylland, Ketil (2017). Et Norge uten miljøgifter? Dagsavisen. ISSN 1503-2892.
• Wolf, Raoul; Andersen, Tom; Hessen, Dag Olav & Hylland, Ketil (2017). From genetic damage to population effects: How interactions of dissolved organic carbon and ultraviolet radiation affect Daphnia magna.
• Keilen, Ellen Kristine; Borgå, Katrine; Ruus, Anders; Helberg, Morten; Reiertsen, Tone & Warner, Nicholas Alexander [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Levels and effects of environmental contaminants in herring gull (Larus argentatus) from an urban and a rural colony in Norway.
• Goksøyr, Anders; Celander, Malin; Alendal, Guttorm; Aranguren, Libe; Arukwe, Augustine & Blaser, Nello [Vis alle 31 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). dCod 1.0: decoding the systems toxicology of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).
• Tairova, Zhanna; Müller, Mette Helen Bjørge; Lyche, Jan Ludvig; Mayer, Ian; Blaser, Nello & Brun, Morten [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Adverse effects in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) due to environmental exposure to pollutant mixtures from the Oslofjord, Norway.
• Goksøyr, Siri Øfsthus; Goksøyr, Anders; Karlsen, Odd Andre; Yadetie, Fekadu; Eide, Marta & Dale, Karina [Vis alle 33 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). dCod 1.0 decoding the systems toxicology of Atlantic cod.
• Dale, Karina; Karlsen, Odd Andre; Yadetie, Fekadu; Eide, Marta; Goksøyr, Siri Øfsthus & Aranguren, Libe [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Ecotoxicological responses in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) following caging near a previously capped waste disposal site in Kollevågen, Askøy, Norway .
• Dale, Karina; Karlsen, Odd Andre; Yadetie, Fekadu; Eide, Marta; Goksøyr, Siri Øfsthus & Aranguren, Libe [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Ecotoxicological responses in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) following caging near a previously capped waste disposal site in Kollevågen, Askøy, Norway .
• Dale, Karina; Karlsen, Odd Andre; Yadetie, Fekadu; Eide, Marta; Goksøyr, Siri Øfsthus & Aranguren, Libe [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Ecotoxicological responses in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) following caging near a previously capped waste disposal site in Kollevågen, Askøy, Norway .
• Dale, Karina; Goksøyr, Anders; Karlsen, Odd Andre; Hylland, Ketil; Müller, Mette Helen Bjørge & Lyche, Jan Ludvig [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Ecotoxicological responses in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) after caging at a capped waste disposal site in Kollevåg, Western Norway .
• Husson, Berengere; Eriksen, Elena; Jentoft, Sissel; Boge, Erling; Borgå, Katrine & Chierici, Melissa [Vis alle 36 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Polar cod connectivity cruise 2022 Cruise Report. UiT Norges arktiske universitet. ISSN 2703-7525.
• Carlsen, Eira Catharine Lødrup; Eiler, Alexander; Hylland, Ketil & Gomes, Tania (2022). Double trouble: plastic leachates as drivers for increased adaptations to antibiotics? The effects of plastic leachates and ciprofloxacin on the sea urchin microbiome. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Hjelset, Sverre; Eiler, Alexander; Hylland, Ketil & Gomes, Tania (2021). Weak toxicity of chemical additives extracted from car tire rubber on the microbiome of Atlantic cod and Norway pout. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Dolven, Jane Karine Lønne; Hess, Silvia; Hylland, Ketil & Alve, Elisabeth (2018). Foraminiferer som miljøindikator for vannkvalitet og levevilkår på sjøbunnen i Indre Oslofjord. Fagrådet for vann- og avløpstekninsk samarbeid i indre Oslofjord. Vis sammendrag

  Tidligere undersøkelser i Indre Oslofjord har vist at bunnlevende foraminiferer (meiofauna) reflekterer miljøforholdene de lever i og kan dermed brukes til å gi informasjon om økologisk tilstand og levevilkår på sjøbunnen. For å kartlegge dagens tilstand i Indre Oslofjord og like utenfor Drøbaksterskelen, og å vurdere utviklingstrenden i fjordsystemet, ble det i oktober 2017 samlet inn bunnsedimenter på 12 stasjoner. Bunnsedimentene ble undersøkt med hensyn på levende foraminiferfaunaer, kornfordeling, total organisk karbon og C/N-forhold. I tillegg ble det gjennomført hydrografiske målinger (temperatur, salinitet og oksygen) gjennom vannsøylen på hver av stasjonene. Resultatene viser at den økologiske tilstanden (nEQR) er «svært god» (tilstandsklasse I) utenfor Drøbaksterskelen og i sydlige deler av Vestfjorden. Deretter forringes tilstanden gradvis innover i fjorden til Bunnefjorden hvor den økologiske tilstanden er «svært dårlig» (V). I to sub-bassenger avviker tilstanden fra tilstanden i deres respektive hovedbasseng: 1) Det delvis «isolerte» Steilenebassenget (St 2) i Vestfjorden hvor forholdene er dårligere enn i Vestfjorden forøvrig, dvs. tilstandsklasse IV («dårlig») og 2) den nordøstre del av Bekkelagsbassenget (RC5 og RC9) hvor tilstanden er i klasse II («god»), dvs. bedre enn nærliggende stasjoner. Sistnevnte skyldes forbedringstiltak igangsatt med flytting av utløpsledningen fra Bekkelaget renseanlegg til dypere vann tidlig på 2000-tallet. I de indre deler av fjorden er det et stort avvik mellom dagens økologiske tilstand («svært dårlig») og naturtilstanden («svært god») som tidligere er beregnet basert på fossile foraminiferfaunaer i daterte sedimentkjerner. I ytre deler av Vestfjorden og utenfor Drøbaksterskelen samsvarer nåværende tilstand godt med naturtilstanden. Økt hyppighet av den opportunistiske arten Stainforthia fusiformis utenfor Drøbaksterskelen peker i retning av økt eutrofiering i senere år. En invaderende art, Nonionella stella, som først ble registrert i Indre Oslofjord i 2012 er nå til stede og til dels hyppig på alle stasjoner, bortsett fra de mest oksygenfattige Bunnefjordstasjonene. Det er generelt høyt organisk karbon (TOC)-innhold («svært dårlig» tilstand) i overflatesedimentene i Indre Oslofjord, og innholdet korrelerer godt med både diversitetsindeksene (H’log2 og ES100) og den sammensatte indeksen NQI. Unntaket er representert ved en stasjon i Bekkelagsbassenget (RC5), som ble kunstig tildekket med ren marin leire i 2007. Korrelasjonen mellom foraminiferdata og målte oksygenkonsentrasjoner i bunnvannet er svært god. Faunasammensetningen (klyngeanalysen) for alle stasjonene støtter opp under dette. Samlet gir dette en sterk indikasjon på at oksygen er en av de viktigste faktorene som styrer sammensetningen av foraminiferfaunaene i Indre Oslofjord. Variabiliteten i foraminiferfaunen er undersøkt for en sterkt belastet stasjon (St 2) og en referansestasjon (Im4x). Analyser av artsdiversitet og jevnhet basert på 10 replikater fra hver stasjon viser at det ikke er signifikant endring for de ulike indeksene ved analyse av flere enn tre replikater fra samme stasjon. Variabiliteten mellom replikatene fører imidlertid til at bruk av færre enn fire replikater per stasjon kan medføre feilklassifisering. Det anbefales å benytte minst fire replikate prøver ved sammenligning av to eller flere lokaliteter siden det gir vesentlig økt teststyrke (mulighet til å fastslå korrekt klasse og å skille mellom stasjoner).

Se alle arbeider i Cristin