Diana Saplacan

• Saplacan, Diana; van Otterdijk, Marieke & Tørresen, Jim (2024). Qualitative Observational Video-Based Study on Perceived Privacy in Social Robots’ Based on Robots Appearances. Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO). ISSN 2162-7568. doi: 10.1109/ARSO60199.2024.10557941. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Privacy has recently got attention, especially since the introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe, the new Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) and the new Machinery Regulation. Privacy can be defined as someone’s right to keep personal matters, including personal life, personal information, or relationships, to themselves. A social robot’s appearance (=the combination of embodiment and motion) may contribute to how human users perceive them, including how these robots are perceived in relation to privacy. If these robots are part of certain services such as home- or healthcare, these may also have consequences on how these services are perceived. This study aims at showcasing the users’ perception of privacy based on the perceived robot’s appearance. Three social robots were chosen for this purpose: PLEO (with a zoomorphic appearance), Pepper (with a childlike anthropomorphic appearance), and TIAGo (with a mechanical and asymmetrical appearance). The data was collected through an in-lab observational video-based study from 50 participants with very limited- or no experience with robots. Our findings show that PLEO was perceived as preserving most of the users' privacy, while Pepper was perceived as more privacy-invasive than PLEO but less than TIAGo. TIAGo was perceived as hard to interpret in terms of privacy. Our findings also point out that designing robots with a cute appearance, such as PLEO, may contribute to participants trusting the robot more and thus being willing to share their data. The paper provides a list of characteristics that participants associated with a social robot as preserving or not their privacy. Further, the paper discusses the appearance of these social robots in terms of “cuteness” as a dark pattern in the design of social robots that may lead to data myopia, but also the possible consequences this may have, for vulnerable users, while trying to design more inclusive robots.

• Kwak, Dongho; Baselizadeh, Adel; van Otterdijk, Marieke; Saplacan, Diana & Tørresen, Jim (2024). "Noisy" Matching of Motion Velocity of an Assistive Robot to the Users' Walking Velocity. ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). ISSN 2167-2121. doi: 10.1145/3610978.3640546. Vis sammendrag

  This study investigates the impact of dynamic matching of robot motion velocity to users' walking velocity in a human-robot approach scenario on three categories: perceived comfort, interactivity, and naturalness. Considering age diversity, participants were divided into two age groups. Young participants tended to rate higher for all three categories when the robot's approaching velocity was dynamically matched. In contrast, elderly participants preferred a steady and slow robot approach for comfort and predictability. These findings contribute to the ongoing effort to design assistive robots that effectively cater to diverse user groups, ultimately enhancing user satisfaction and acceptance. Taken together, this study highlights the importance of dynamically tailoring robot behaviors based on user demographics for positive Human-Robot Interactions.

• van Otterdijk, Marieke; Saplacan, Diana; Laeng, Bruno & Tørresen, Jim (2024). An Exploratory Study on People's Intuitive Understanding of Expressive Robot Behavior. ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). ISSN 2167-2121. s. 1072–1076. doi: 10.1145/3610978.3640568. Vis sammendrag

  Robots are anticipated to communicate with humans in our social context. Using nonverbal communication by robots increases communication comprehension because humans intuitively understand such behavior due to their experience of human-human interaction. Thus, this behavior is suitable for studying what makes robot motion intuitive to understand in human-robot interaction (HRI). We study how robot features help humans intuitively grasp expressive robot gestures, concentrating on what makes behavior easy to interpret. After watching eighteen nine-second videos of three robot kinds demonstrating expressive robot actions, 50 participants completed an open-ended survey. Our findings highlight the inputs, mediating factors, and outputs that users reported based on observing examples of expressive robot behavior. These insights are a starting point for analyzing robot behavior from the perspective of intuition and provide a foundation for a theoretical framework for intuition in HRI.

• van Otterdijk, Marieke; Laeng, Bruno; Saplacan, Diana & Tørresen, Jim (2024). The Effect of Expressive Robot Behavior on Users’ Mental Effort: A Pupillometry Study. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems. ISSN 2379-8920. 16(2), s. 474–484. doi: 10.1109/TCDS.2024.3352893. Vis sammendrag

  Robots are becoming part of our social landscape. Social interaction with humans must be efficient and intuitive to understand because nonverbal cues make social interactions between humans and robots more efficient. This study measures mental effort to investigate factors influencing the intuitive understanding of expressive nonverbal robot motions. Using an eye tracker to measure pupil response and gaze, fifty participants were asked to watch eighteen short video clips featuring three different types of robots performing expressive robot behaviors. Our findings indicate that the appearance of the robot, the viewing angle, and the expression shown by the robot all influence the cognitive load. Therefore, they may affect the intuitive understanding of expressive robot behavior. Furthermore, we found differences in the fixation time for different features of the various robots. With these insights, we identified possible improvement directions for making interactions between humans and robots more efficient and intuitive.

• Pajalic, Zada; Olsen, Sofia E.Gustafsson; Hamre, Annabel; Strøm, Benedicte Sørensen; Clausen, Celine & Saplacan, Diana [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Home living older adults' subjective perceptions, evaluation, and interpretations of various welfare technology: A systematic review of qualitative studies. Public Health in Practice. ISSN 2666-5352. 7, s. 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100470. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Pajalic, Zada; Rauckiene, Alona; Savosnick, Grethe; Bartels, Irena; Calleja-Agius, Jean & Saplacan, Diana [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Digital solutions to follow up on discharged new parents - a systematic literature review . PLOS Digital Health. ISSN 2767-3170. doi: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000317. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tørresen, Jim; Saplacan, Diana; Baselizadeh, Adel & Mahler, Tobias (2023). Machine Excellence Tradeoffs to Ethical and Legal Perspectives, Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IEEE CAI). IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 979-8-3503-3984-0. s. 237–240. doi: 10.1109/CAI54212.2023.00109. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract—We appreciate well-functioning technology being able to also personalize its services. However, to protect privacy and avoid a potential misuse of personal data, we are encouraged to limit the amount of personal data we share through apps and Internet services. While some services do not really need all the data they ask us to provide, others depend on it to provide the best possible performance of its service. That regards systems that apply data in machine learning for tasks like medical diagnostics. Especially deep learning algorithms perform better by using a large amount of data and are now able to benefit from the large amount as well with limited training time given access to high-performance computing resources. This paper address and discuss the tradeoffs like the one we have between data sharing minimalization for increased privacy and data maximization for machine learning systems. Perspectives related to ethics, legal, and social issues are considered in the paper. There is no single conclusion on the challenge, but attention to it can increase the awareness that the best balance differs depending on the application addressed.

• Baselizadeh, Adel; Khaksar, Weria; Uddin, Md Zia; Saplacan, Diana & Tørresen, Jim (2023). Privacy-Preserving User Pose Prediction for Safe and Efficient Human-Robot Interaction, Proceedings of the 2023 19th IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE) . IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 979-8-3503-2070-1. doi: 10.1109/CASE56687.2023.10260298. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• van Otterdijk, Marieke; Saplacan, Diana; Baselizadeh, Adel; Laeng, Bruno & Tørresen, Jim (2023). To Shake or Not to Shake: Intuitive Reactions of Senior Adults to a Robot Handshake in a Western Culture, Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot & Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN) 2023. IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 979-8-3503-3671-9. s. 890–896. doi: 10.1109/RO-MAN57019.2023.10309608. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Saplacan, Diana; Schulz, Trenton; Tørresen, Jim & Pajalic, Zada (2023). Health Professionals’ Views on the Use of Social Robots with Vulnerable Users: A Scenario-Based Qualitative Study Using Story Dialogue Method , Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot & Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN) 2023. IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 979-8-3503-3671-9. s. 421–428. doi: 10.1109/RO-MAN57019.2023.10309644. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  We used the story dialog method (SDM) to gather the viewpoints of health professionals about the use of social ro-bots in the home and healthcare services with vulnerable users. SDM consists of participants bringing stories that are discussed together. The aim of the study was to address universal design and accessibility issues with robots in specific use situations. Three social robots were used for this purpose in four stories: TIAGo, Romibo and robot companions. SDM method was used in two workshops with eight participants (33 invited, 12 re-cruited, and 8 participated in the end). The participants uncov-ered issues regarding ethics, responsibility, use of data, infra-structure, design, and user concerns based on provided stories and own experiences. These issues provide important aspects that should be considered when using robots with vulnerable us-ers and ensuring that a robot is usable by as many people as pos-sible. The main contribution of the paper is introducing the SDM method to Human-Robot Interaction community, as well as find-ings around universal design and accessibility of robots, in order to create more inclusive social robots.

• Pajalic, Zada; Saplacan, Diana; Borgen, Iren; Olsen, Sofia E.Gustafsson & Rao, Nima (2023). Female university academics' reflections on the development of their academic careers in the Norwegian higher education context. Social Sciences & Humanities Open. 8(1). doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100548. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Pajalic, Zada; Saplacan, Diana; Areskoug Josefsson, Kristina; Moen, Helga Wallin; Naustdal, Iril & Rao, Nima [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). What are the disadvantages of having a foreign background as a female academic and working at a university in Europe? Social Sciences & Humanities Open. 8(1). doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100551. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Pajalic, Zada; Agular de Sousa, Diana; Strøm, Benedicte Sørensen; Lausund, Hilde; Breievne, Grete & Kisa, Sezer [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Welfare technology interventions among older people living at home - A systematic review of RCT studies . PLOS Digital Health. ISSN 2767-3170. s. 1–18. doi: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000184. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The main goal of health services is for the elderly to maintain their mental and physical health and live at home independently for as long as possible. Various technical welfare solutions have been introduced and tested to support an independent life. The aim of this systematic review was to examine different types of interventions and assess the effectiveness of welfare technology (WT) interventions for older people living at home. This study was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020190316) and followed the PRISMA statement. Primary randomized control trial (RCT) studies published between 2015 and 2020 were identified through the following databases: Academic, AMED, Cochrane Reviews, EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Ovid MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Twelve out of 687 papers met the criteria for eligibility. We used risk-of-bias assessment (RoB 2) for the included studies. Based on the RoB 2 outcomes that showed a high risk of bias (>50%) and high heterogeneity of quantitative data, we decided to narratively summarize the study characteristics, outcome measures, and implications for practice. The included studies were conducted in six countries, namely the USA, Sweden, Korea, Italy, Singapore, and the UK. One was conducted in three European countries (the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland). A total of 8437 participants were sampled, and individual study sample sizes ranged from 12 to 6742. Most of the studies were two-armed RCTs, except for two that were three-armed. The duration of the welfare technology tested in the studies ranged from four weeks to six months. The employed technologies were commercial solutions, including telephones, smartphones, computers, telemonitors, and robots. The type of interventions were balance training, physical exercise and function, cognitive training, monitoring of symptoms, activation of emergency medical systems, self-care, reduction of death risk, and medical alert protection systems. The latter studies were the first of their kind and suggested that physician-led telemonitoring could reduce length of hospital stay. In summary, welfare technology seems to offer solutions to supporting elderly people at home. The results showed a wide range of uses for technologies for improving mental and physical health. All studies showed encouraging results for improving the participants’ health status.

• Soma, Rebekka; Bratteteig, Tone; Saplacan, Diana; Schimmer, Robyn; Camparo, Erik & Verne, Guri Birgitte (2022). Strengthening Human Autonomy. In the Era of Autonomous Technology. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems (SJIS). ISSN 0905-0167. 34(2).
• Saplacan, Diana & Tørresen, Jim (2022). Robots as Welfare Technologies to Reduce Falls Amongst Older Adults: An Explorative Study from Norway, Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Technology in Everyday Living. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. LNCS 13331. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. ISSN 978-3-031-05654-3. s. 88–106. doi: doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05654-3_6.
• Baselizadeh, Adel; Saplacan, Diana & Tørresen, Jim (2021). Adaptive Real-time Learning-based Neuro-Fuzzy Control of Robot Manipulators. I Plapper, Peter (Red.), 9th International Conference on Control, Mechatronics and Automation (ICCMA2021). IEEE conference proceedings. ISSN 978-1-6654-10731. s. 20–26. doi: 10.1109/ICCMA54375.2021.9646224.
• Saplacan, Diana; Khaksar, Weria & Tørresen, Jim (2021). On Ethical Challenges Raised by Care Robots: A Review of the Existing Regulatory-, Theoretical-, and Research Gaps, Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Its Social Impacts (ARSO) Virtual Conference, July 8-10, 2021. IEEE Robotics and Automation Society. ISSN 978-1-6654-4952-6. s. 219–226. doi: 10.1109/ARSO51874.2021.9542844. Vis sammendrag

  This paper presents some of the ethical challenges that current care robots raise in home- and healthcare services for senior adults (≥65 years). The paper is grounded in some of the state-of-the-art projects within the area of care robotics.Further, the paper identifies and discusses several central challenges raised by using robots as part of care services for the elderly people. The paper contributes to the ethical debate on the implications care robots may have for the practical context of healthcare. In addition, the paper summarizes the main lines of the EU legal approach to AI robotic technology, offering a comprehensive picture of the existing regulatory, theoretical and research gaps, compelling the need of an interdisciplinary ethical reflection on care robots. Finally, the discussion is then balanced by some of the opportunities the care robots may provide for the care services.

• Herstad, Jo; Schulz, Trenton Wade & Saplacan, Diana (2021). T-able: An Investigation of Habituating Moving Tables at Home . I Verma, Ira (Red.), Universal Design 2021: From Special to Mainstream Solutions. IOS Press. ISSN 978-1-64368-190-0. s. 238–251. doi: 10.3233/SHTI210400. Vis sammendrag

  This paper investigates the philosophical and designerly questions of how the concepts of familiarity, orientation, and habituation can be used to understand a selfmoving (semi-autonomous robot) table at home. Tables are familiar habituated objects in domestic settings for people with various abilities. We explore the idea of a selfmoving table through the lens of universal design. Phenomenology is applied to get a grip on ways of orienting and being oriented by such habituated familiar objects. Specifically, we investigate how the t-able is used as a telephone table, where the telephone is always charged and in a fixed place on the table. This is an attempt to make the telephone easier to use and relate to at home. The paper aims to inform future robots' design for the independently living elderly by designing robots mainly from natural materials, such as wood. We also discuss similarities and differences between the universal design of the built environment and ICT environments with this paper.

• Saplacan, Diana; Herstad, Jo & Schulz, Trenton Wade (2020). Situated Abilities within Universal Design – A Theoretical Exploration. International Journal on Advances in Intelligent Systems. ISSN 1942-2679. 13(34), s. 278–291. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This paper investigates Universal Design (UD) through the idea of designing for situated abilities, rather than focusing on designing for disabled users. This shift in perspective from disabilities to abilities is explored through the design of a domestic robot that integrates into our homes, in a familiar way. We explore the concept of designing for situated abilities through a proof-of-concept robotic wooden table, the T-ABLE, as an alternative design for domestic robots. Finally, the paper identifies four dimensions of situated abilities.

• Bratteteig, Tone; Saplacan, Diana; Soma, Rebekka & Oskarsen, Johanne Svanes (2020). Strengthening human autonomy in the era of autonomous technology - Contemporary perspectives on interaction with 'autonomous things'. I Lamas, David; Sarapuu, Hegle; Lárusdóttir, Marta Kristín; Stage, Jan & Ardito, Carmelo (Red.), NordiCHI '20: Shaping Experiences, Shaping Society, Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ISSN 978-1-4503-7579-5. doi: https:/doi.org/10.1145/3419249.3420097. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aim of this workshop is to address the role that human autonomy presently receives in HCI research and how “autonomous technologies” might challenge, rather than facilitate human autonomy. We acknowledge a need for new ways of understanding HCI and interaction design as digital technologies develop in the “4th wave”. In this workshop, participants are invited to a discussion where the autonomous human-being—who can act autonomously with autonomous technologies—is emphasized, beyond simple human control to a more flexible, sophisticated, subtle, and sustainable autonomy.

• Saplacan, Diana; Herstad, Jo; Tørresen, Jim & Pajalic, Zada (2020). A Framework on Division of Work Tasks between Humans and Robots in the Home. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction. ISSN 2414-4088. 4(3). doi: 10.3390/mti4030044. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This paper analyzes work activity in the home, e.g., cleaning, performed by two actors, a human and a robot. Nowadays, there are attempts to automate this activity through the use of robots. However, the activity of cleaning, in and of itself, is not important; it is used instrumentally to understand if and how robots can be integrated within current and future homes. The theoretical framework of the paper is based on empirical work collected as part of the Multimodal Elderly Care Systems (MECS) project. The study proposes a framework for the division of work tasks between humans and robots. The framework is anchored within existing research and our empirical findings. Swim-lane diagrams are used to visualize the tasks performed (WHAT), by each of the two actors, to ascertain the tasks’ temporality (WHEN), and their distribution and transitioning from one actor to the other (WHERE). The study presents the framework of various dimensions of work tasks, such as the types of work tasks, but also the temporality and spatiality of tasks, illustrating linear, parallel, sequential, and distributed tasks in a shared or non-shared space. The study’s contribution lies in its foundation for analyzing work tasks that robots integrated into or used in the home may generate for humans, along with their multimodal interactions. Finally, the framework can be used to visualize, plan, and design work tasks for the human and for the robot, respectively, and their work division.

• Saplacan, Diana (2020). Situated Ability: A Case from Higher Education on Digital Learning Environments. I Antona, M. & Stepahnidis, C. (Red.), Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, Applications and Practice. Springer Nature. ISSN 978-3-030-49107-9. s. 256–274. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-49108-6_19. Vis sammendrag

  Universal Design (UD) is often associated with disability studies. However, UD is not about disabilities, but about designing for as many people as possible. Traditionally, disability studies are discussed through the lens of medical, relational, social, or socio-relational models. This paper proposes a new salutogenic approach instead, namely the concept of situated ability. Based on the work of Aaron Antonovsky and the salutogenic approach of ease/dis-ease model and his Sense-of-Coherence (SOC) theoretical construct, the paper proposes and discusses situated ability and the ability continuum. Situated ability is sugggested as a form of catalyzing discussions around social equity in a digital society. The proposed concept is supported with examples from an empirical qualitative study on Digital Learning Environments (DLE) used in Higher Education (HE). The empirical data was collected through interviews, and analyzed using Systematic Text Condensation (STC). The findings are discussed through the lens of the proposed concepts. Finally, the paper argues that a such perspective is needed for maintaining the dignity of others, i.e., the users who experience lower situated abilities when interacting with digital systems; for fostering salutogenic discussions about practice and design that enables users, without focusing on dedicated solutions for the lower abled, such as assistive technologies; and for social equity in a digital society.

• Saplacan, Diana; Herstad, Jo & Pajalic, Zada (2020). Use of Digital Learning Environments: A Study about Fragmented Information Awareness. ID&A Interaction design & architecture(s). ISSN 1826-9745. s. 86–109. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Saplacan, Diana (2020). Cross-Use of Digital Learning Environments in Higher Education: A Conceptual Analysis Grounded in Common Information Spaces. I Mauri, Lloret, James; Saplacan, Diana; Carcani, Klaudia; Ardiansyah, Prima Oky Dicky & Vasilache, Simona (Red.), ACHI 2020, The Thirteenth International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions. International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA). ISSN 978-1-61208-761-0. s. 272–281. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This paper addresses the cross-use of different Digi-tal Learning Environments (DLE) in Higher Education (HE). The paper aims to analyze DLEs and their use in a HE organi-zational entity through the lens of Common Information Spac-es (CIS), a concept grounded in Computer Supported Cooper-ative Work (CSCW). In general, CSCW literature focuses on individual systems regarded as CIS. Moreover, the research shows that DLEs are often analyzed from an educational per-spective, and less from a cooperative work perspective. Howev-er, a teaching/learning context can be viewed as a co-dependent cooperative work arrangement, where the exchange of infor-mation and knowledge is performed through- and with the help of DLEs. In this way, DLEs should be rather viewed as being part of a complex cooperative ensemble rather than analyzed as individual CIS. This paper sheds light on such complex information spaces, where the information spaces are formed through clusters of DLEs, rather than individual DLE units. Finally, the contribution of the paper consists of addressing the cross-use of DLEs from a CIS perspective, moving beyond looking at DLEs just through an educational perspective.

• Saplacan, Diana; Herstad, Jo & Pajalic, Zada (2020). An Analysis of Independent Living Elderly’s Views on Robots: A Descriptive Study from the Norwegian Context. I Mauri, Lloret, James; Saplacan, Diana; Carcani, Klaudia; Ardiansyah, Prima Oky Dicky & Vasilache, Simona (Red.), ACHI 2020, The Thirteenth International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions. International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA). ISSN 978-1-61208-761-0. s. 199–208. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This study illustrates the independent living elderly’s (≥65 years) views on robots. The data was documented through audio recordings of interviews, photos, and written logs. The analysis was done through qualitative manifest and latent content analysis. The results of the analysis were sorted into three categories: aging during the technological renaissance, domestic robots, and the elderly’s expectations of robots. The overall resulted theme was: integrating robots in the elderly’s everyday life. The results were discussed through the lenses of the Sense-of-Coherence (SOC) theoretical construct and its belonging elements: comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. The relevance of this paper contributes to giving an understanding of the domestic robots’ requirements specifications and the elderly’s expectation of human-robot interaction.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Saplacan, Diana (2024). Social Robots and Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) within Elderly Care: Lessons Learned So Far.
• Saplacan, Diana (2024). User Studies in HRI: A Qualitative Research Perspective.
• Kwak, Dongho; Baselizadeh, Adel; van Otterdijk, Marieke; Saplacan, Diana & Torresen, Jim (2024). "Noisy" Matching of Motion Velocity of an Assistive Robot to the Users' Walking Velocity.
• Bergflødt, Adrian Anderson; Søyseth, Vegard & Saplacan, Diana (2023). Utstilling av SONEN/Makerspace.
• Tørresen, Jim; Saplacan, Diana & Mahler, Tobias (2023). Ethical, Legal and User Perspectives on Social and Assistive Robots (ELUPSAR) workshop.
• Saplacan, Diana (2023). Comment on "Vulnerability in Social and Health Robotics" - presentation by Rachele Carli (Univ. of Bologna and Univ. of Luxembourg), as part of the Vulnerability in Robot Society (VIROS) Annual Symposium, Session I on "Vulnerability and Cognitive Sovereignty".
• Saplacan, Diana (2023). Presentation of the paper "Health Professionals’ Views on the Use of Social Robots with Vulnerable Users: A Scenario-Based Qualitative Study Using Story Dialogue Method".
• Schulz, Trenton & Saplacan, Diana (2023). Universal Design of Robots / Universell Utformning av Robottar.
• Saplacan, Diana (2023). AI and Ethical Considerations. Examples from HRI studies.
• Saplacan, Diana (2023). Webpage for The Ethical, Legal and User Perspectives on Social and Assistive Robots (ELUPSAR) Workshop, at at 11th European Conference on Mobile Robots .
• Saplacan, Diana; Pajalic, Zada & Tørresen, Jim (2023). Should Social and Assistive Robots Integrated within Home- and Healthcare Services Be Universally Designed? Cambridge Handbook on Law, Policy, and Regulations for Human-Robot Interaction. Cambridge University Press. ISSN 000-0-000-00000-0. doi: ISBN%209781009386661.
• Saplacan, Diana (2023). Introduction on my background and on the University of Oslo, Robotics and Intelligent Systems Research Group, Norway for Human-Robot Interaction Lab, Department of Social Informatics, Kyoto University, Japan.
• Pajalic, Zada; Saplacan, Diana; Tørresen, Jim & Resa Irai, Hamid (2022). Debatt om roboter i helsetjenesten Bør roboter delta i omsorgsoppgaver? .
• Cheung, Anne; Saplacan, Diana; Pietropaoli, Stefano & Weng, Yueh-Hsuan (2022). SORO – INTERDISCIPLINARY WORKSHOP ON THE GOVERNANCE FOR SOCIAL ROBOTS (HALF DAY).
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). Ethics and Social Robots: A Universal Design Perspective - Presentation during Interdisciplinary Workshop on the Governance for Social Robots (SORO) at JURIX 2022 (The 35th International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems).
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). Ethical Issues in Mobile Robots - Guest Lecture for Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), at the Faculty of Science and Technology, part of Human-Robot Interaction Course, Advanced Topics in Mobile robots.
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). Ongoing research with Social and Assistive Robots - Presentation for the National Commitee in Research Ethics in Science and Technology (NENT).
• Saplacan, Diana; Tørresen, Jim; Weng, Yueh-Hsuan & Li, Phoebe (2022). Tutorial: Robots and Society (RO-SO 2022) / Ethical perspectives and technical challenges and opportunities with care robots.
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). Guest Lecture: Ongoing research with Social and Assistive Robots: Research projects, empirical examples, and theory.
• Saplacan, Diana; Baselizadeh, Adel & Tørresen, Jim (2022). Robot Demonstration: Meet TIAGo the robot! The robot showcases several tasks: brushing hair, putting the lipstick on, using a (plastic) knife, moving an object, carrying a bag.
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). TIAGo wishes you welcome to a debate on the theme: Should a robot be involved in care tasks? (Norwegian title: TIAGo ønsker velkommen til en debatt med tema: Bør en robot involveres i omsorgsoppgaver?).
• Bergflødt, Anderson, Adrian; Søyseth, Vegard & Saplacan, Diana (2022). OPEN ZONE FOR EXPERIMENTAL INFORMATICS (ÅPEN SONE FOR EKSPERIMENTELL INFORMATIKK) as part of "Signals and noise in artificial intelligence" - SENT Festival at the Technical Museum, Oslo, Norway.
• van Otterdijk, Marieke; Saplacan, Diana; Laeng, Bruno & Torresen, Jim (2022). Explorative Study on Human Intuitive Responses to Observing Expressive Robot Behavior.
• Brinck, Ingar; Paiva, Ana; Saplacan, Diana & Bensch, Suna (2022). Debate during the symposium: "The Future of Human-Robot Interaction Science" at the Trandisciplinary AI for Good of All (TAIGA) Inauguration Conference, leaded by Prof. Thomas Hellström and Ass. Prof. Niclas Kaiser leading TAIGAS focus area on Embodied interactive AI, at Umeå University, Sweden .
• Tørresen, Jim; Atsushi, Nazawa; Saplacan, Diana; Prestes, Edson; Mahler, Tobias & Weng, Yueh-Hsuan (2022). Tutorial at IROS 2022 - Ethical, Legal and User Perspectives on Robots and Systems (ELAUPORAS) – Assessments and Potential Measures.
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). Ethical challenges and opportunities with (care) robots - Universal Design as an ethical charter for inclusive robot design and interaction.
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). Universal Design of Robots (Webpage at University of Oslo for disseminating the project).
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). What do we talk about when we talk about social robots vs. robot sociomorphism ? Empirical examples from previous and ongoing research.
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). Comment on "Understanding Gaps in Standards, Regulations and Training Needs for Healthcare Professionals working alongside Physically Assistive Robots" - presentation by Prof. Praminda Calleb Solly from University of Nottingam, U.K.
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). Ethics: Research Ethics and Autonomous Technologies for User Diversity.
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). Ethics: Autonomous Technologies for All (ATA)?
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). Presentation at The 2nd Workshop on Design-Centered HRI and Governance. Title: Making Care Robots Understandable: An Introduction to Universal Design Principles as Design and Ethical Guidelines of Social Assistive Robots.
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). Tutorial presentation. Title: "Robots and Society: Challenges and Opportunities within social Human-Robot Interaction" at 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot & Human Interactive Communication.
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). Robots as Welfare Technologies to Reduce Falls Amongst Older Adults: An Explorative Study from Norway.
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). The importance of standarization within new technological areas.
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). Healthcare Professionals’ Attitudes towards the Organization of Care Services and the Adoption of Welfare Robots in Norway.
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). Introduction to Universal Design - A case of digital learning environments and situated abilities.
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). A talk on robots as connected devices or smart "things" in the home, part of the AI & Ethics workshop.
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). Some experiences about analysis and writing.
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). Webpage for the tutorial at RO-MAn 2022 Conference: Robots and Society: Ethical, social, legal, and technical perspectives on integrating social robots in the home and healthcare systems and services (RO-SO - Second Edition).
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). AI & Ethics Workshop. Vis sammendrag

  Workshop on AI & Ethics organized in cooperation with Tekna Big Data professional network and The Norwegian Council for Digital Ethics. The theme of the workshop: Must AI be professionalized to ensure ethical development? Role: Organizer/Contact person.

• Dahl, Heidi Elisabeth Iuell; Mehmandarov, Rustam Karim; Harkestad, Inge & Saplacan, Diana (2022). AI and Ethics workshop.
• Saplacan, Diana (2022). Participatory Design and Human-Robot Interaction - An ethical and inclusive perspective on contemporary technologies.
• Bygrave, Lee Andrew & Saplacan, Diana (2022). Webinar: Towards a New Legal Framework for AI: Human Rights, Ethical and Social Impact Assessment in AI. Guest: Assoc. Prof. Alessandro Mantelero, a Council of Europe Scientific Expert on Artificial Intelligence, data protection and human rights.
• Saplacan, Diana (2021). Webpage for Tutorial at IROS 2021 - Ethical and Legal Assessments Related to Robots and Systems.
• Saplacan, Diana (2021). Webpage for RO-MAN tutorial: Robots and Society: Ethical, Legal, and Technical Perspectives on Integrating Robots in the Home- and Healthcare Systems and Services (RO-SO).
• Saplacan, Diana (2021). Ethics and Technology.
• Saplacan, Diana (2021). Ethics and technology: Research With --, About --, and for Users.
• Saplacan, Diana (2021). Ethical Challenges and Opportunities with Care Robots Universal Design as An Ethical Charter for Inclusive Robot Design and Interaction.
• Saplacan, Diana; Foldnes, Njål; Aune, Erlend; Dahl, Ida; Voigt, Jakob Michael & Goodwin, Morten (2021). AI & pedagogics. [Internett]. Webinar - Norwegian Consortium of Artificial Intelligence .
• Tørresen, Jim; Saplacan, Diana; Lintvedt, Mona Naomi; Mahler, Tobias & Fosch-Villaronga, Eduard (2021). Tutorial: Ethical and Legal Assessments Related to Robots and Systems .
• Saplacan, Diana (2021). Challenges and Opportunities with AI-based Care Robots: An Ethical and Inclusive Approach.
• Saplacan, Diana (2021). Care Robots and Universal Design - An Ethical Charter for Designing Care Robots and Human-Robot Interaction.
• Saplacan, Diana (2021). Ethical challenges and opportunities with care robots (Talk at RO-MAN 2021, in PANEL I on Introduction on Ethics and Care Robots).
• Saplacan, Diana; Tørresen, Jim; Mahler, Tobias & Fosch-Villaronga, Eduard (2021). Robots and Society: Ethical, Legal, and Technical Perspectives on Integrating Robots in the Home- and Healthcare Systems and Services (RO-SO). Vis sammendrag

  The RO-SO tutorial is a continuation of the previous tutorials regarding robots, ethics, legal, and technical aspects. The tutorial is part of the 30th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (ROMAN 2021). It focuses on providing an overview and discussing the ethical, legal, and technical perspectives, including challenges, dilemmas, and advantages and opportunities of integrating robots as part of home- and healthcare systems and services. The following two questions will guide the overall objective for this tutorial, but these will not limit the talks: How does the meaning of good care change when we integrate robots as part of the home- and healthcare systems and services? What does good care mean when we integrate assistive robots as part of the home- and healthcare services? What are some of the ethical, legal, and technical challenges and opportunities when integrating assistive care robots in the home- and healthcare services?

• Saplacan, Diana (2021). "How can I trust that you care about my care, RO-BOT?" - A talk about ethics in the context of care robots.
• Saplacan, Diana; Khaksar, Weria & Tørresen, Jim (2021). On Ethical Challenges Raised by Care Robots: A Review of the Existing Regulatory-, Theoretical-, and Research Gaps.
• Saplacan, Diana; Khaksar, Weria & Tørresen, Jim (2021). On Ethical Challenges Raised by Care Robots: A Review of the Existing Regulatory-, Theoretical-, and Research Gaps.
• Saplacan, Diana (2021). Some experiences about analysis and writing it up - On qualitative data analysis methods .
• Saplacan, Diana; Schmidt, Rebecca & Lintvedt, Mona Naomi (2021). AI, robots and their social impact.
• Saplacan, Diana (2021). AI, Robots and Their Social Impact: An Introduction to AI, ML, and Robots.
• Saplacan, Diana & Carcani, Klaudia (2020). ACHI-CSCW: Exploring Computer-Human Interactions in New Contexts of Computer Supported Cooperative Work. Vis sammendrag

  Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) is a field studying how cooperative work in a cooperative ensemble is supported by computers and technologies and how these contribute or hamper the cooperation between people. This editorial paper covers the ACHI-CSCW special track, giving an overview of the special track's accepted contributions. The paper presents the track, which was structured in three sessions, covering classic CSCW, CSCW in education, and challenging classic CSCW. In total, nine papers were accepted. Finally, a summary of each of the papers and final conclusions some suggestions for future directions is presented in this editorial paper.

• Saplacan, Diana (2020). Situated Abilities: Understanding Everyday Use of ICTs.
• Saplacan, Diana (2020). The Role of Language-Games in Universal Design: Theoretical and Practical Issues.
• Saplacan, Diana (2020). Om Universell Utforming av IKT inom Högre Utbildning, inkludering och tillgänglighet.
• Saplacan, Diana (2020). Situated Ability: A Case from Higher Education on Digital Learning Environments.
• Lindblom, Diana Saplacan; Tørresen, Jim & Hakimi, Nina (2024). Dynamic Dimensions of Safety - How robot height and velocity affect human-robot interaction: An explorative study on the concept of perceived safety. University of Oslo.
• Schulz, Trenton; Lindblom , Diana Saplacan; Tørresen, Jim & Badescu, Claudia Andreea (2024). Teach Me How To Dance - An exploration of motion translation methods using the ZTL framework for use with children with autism in educational settings. University of Oslo.
• Lindblom, Diana Saplacan; Tørresen, Jim & Meijer, Frida (2023). In Safe Hands: Contribution of gripper material on HRI and perceived safety: An explorative study. University of Oslo.
• Saplacan, Diana; Tørresen, Jim & Sarfraz, Burhan Mohammad (2023). Supervisor for the master thesis: "The Privacy-Preserving Capabilities of a Service Robot in a Scenario-based Healthcare Setting - Providing de-identification with face obfuscation through a face recognition system" (Master candidate: Sarfraz, Burhan Mohammad). Universitetet i Oslo. Vis sammendrag

  As the population ages and people’s life expectancy increases, there is a need for more healthcare personnel. The worrying sign is that the number of people who educate themselves to become healthcare personnel is predicted to decrease in the coming years. One countermeasure for the decreasing workforce is introducing service robots into the healthcare sector. The introduction of service robots in the healthcare sector raises numerous privacy challenges. There is the question of ensuring service robots follow current laws and regulations regarding personal data collection and privacy like humans and the introduction of robots from a well-controlled industrial environment to an unconstrained healthcare environment populated by humans. This thesis focuses on the privacy aspect of the Vulnerability in Robot Society project and machine ethics using the service robot TIAGo from PAL Robotics. The aim is to investigate how a service robot can provide de-identification for the privacy protection of individuals it encounters while performing autonomous tasks in an unconstrained healthcare environment. The proposed privacy-preserving method for de-identification is face obfuscation through a face recognition system. With the face obfuscation method, the face recognition system can be considered a privacy-enhancing technology since it tries to enhance the privacy-preserving capabilities of the service robot. The results from the scenario-based experiment, which replicates a doctor’s office as an unconstrained healthcare setting, show that the face recognition system is unreliable with decreased robustness when multiple real-life conditions, such as pose variation, occlusion and illumination, are present as they negatively affect the system. Since the face obfuscation method is interconnected and integrated into the face recognition system, it depends entirely on a well-functioning face recognition system to function correctly. Thus, it cannot preserve the privacy of individuals, making the service robot not comply with current laws and regulations for privacy and correct personal data collection, storage and processing. This master thesis is part of the Robotics and Intelligent Systems research group, and the Vulnerability in Robot Society project at the University of Oslo. The Norwegian Research Council funds the Vulnerability in Robot Society project with project number 288285.

• Schulz, Trenton & Saplacan, Diana (2022). Performing Accessibility Evaluations for Social Robot. Norsk Regnesentral. Vis sammendrag

  This note is a compilation of several evaluations that were done as part of the UD-Robots project. The method used is based on WCAG-EM and initially introduced by Al-Qbilat. We have given it a name: Accessible Socially Assistive Robots Evaluation Method (ASAR-EM). We evaluate 5 robots: a NAO, a Pepper, AV1, Berntsen, and Tiago, and present the results from the evaluation.

• Schulz, Trenton & Saplacan, Diana (2022). Notes from Literature about Universal Design, Accessibility & Robots. Norsk Regnesentral. Vis sammendrag

  This document collects results from a search that was done to find out what research have been done regarding universal design and accessibility of robots. The search turned up 13 articles in this topic. Articles about universal design focused more on how an environment could be made to be universally designed for a robot. There were also several articles about how robots can be an assistive technology for people with vision impairment or hearing impairment. There were a couple of articles that raised the topic of accessibility requirements for a robot. This was further developed in a PhD thesis from earlier this year that provides a promising starting point for future work.

• Saplacan, Diana; Pajalic, Zada & Schulz, Trenton W. (2022). Report on user activities in UD-Robots Project - Are social robots universally designed? Norsk Regnesentral.
• Soma, Rebekka; Saplacan, Diana & Sikora, Magdalena Claudia (2022). Exploring personality and behavior with a robot table - a qualitative case study. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Saplacan, Diana (2020). Situated Abilities: Understanding Everyday Use of ICTs. Reprosentralen, University of Oslo. ISSN 1501-7710.

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