Functional oxides for clean energy technologies: fuel cells, gas separation membranes and electrolysers (FOXCET) (completed)

• Chen, Min; Zhao, Kai; Zhao, Jishi; Wang, Xiucai; Li, Jun & Xu, Qing (2022). Accelerated kinetics of hydrogen oxidation reaction on the Ni anode coupled with BaZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ proton-conducting ceramic electrolyte via tuning the electrolyte surface chemistry. Applied Surface Science. ISSN 0169-4332. 605. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154800.
• Hasle, Ida; Waldow, Stephan P.; Gries, Ute N.; De Souza, Roger A.; Vøllestad, Einar & Haugsrud, Reidar (2021). B-site cation inter-diffusion in yttrium substituted barium zirconate. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. ISSN 2050-7488. 9(37), p. 21142–21150. doi: 10.1039/d1ta02391h. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  B-site cation inter-diffusion in the ABO3 perovskite yttrium-substituted barium zirconate (BZY) was studied at temperatures from 1100 to 1460 °C under reducing and oxidising conditions. The experiments followed two different approaches using Ce as a chemical tracer for Zr. By fitting diffusion profiles of the cation obtained by either Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) or Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), we determined bulk, grain-boundary and effective diffusion coefficients. The activation energies of bulk diffusion (4.5 ± 0.4 eV) are similar to the migration enthalpy obtained by a computational approach (∼4 eV). On this basis, we conclude that the activation energies correspond to the migration enthalpies, assuming that the concentration of Zr vacancies in the bulk was frozen-in. Grain-boundary diffusion coefficients were found to be more than four orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding bulk values, while the activation energies of grain-boundary diffusion are relatively similar to those for bulk. This was attributed to higher concentrations of cation vacancies in space-charge layers at the boundaries. Overall, the results show that BZY electrolytes are highly stable towards degradation related to B-site cation diffusion.

• Bondevik, Tarjei; Polfus, Jonathan Marc & Norby, Truls Eivind (2020). Disagreements between space charge models and grain boundary impedance data in yttrium-substituted barium zirconate. Solid State Ionics. ISSN 0167-2738. 353. doi: 10.1016/j.ssi.2020.115369. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Although the space charge model is commonly used to explain the high grain boundary resistance in proton conducting yttrium-substituted BaZrO3, it fails in its simplest forms with factors 10–40 to fit experimental data with respect to the characteristic frequency of the grain boundary impedance. We suggest modifications to the model, somewhat improving its fit. Including trapping effects of protons near yttrium substituents reduces the error only by factors less than 1.6. Increasing the width of the grain boundary core reduces the error with factors of 1.5–3. Discretizing the space charge layer, such that protons can only reside on specific, discrete sites, reduces the error with another factor of around 2. Considering reduced proton mobility in the GB by reducing its effective area may give a reduction in the fitting error of a factor of 2. Varying the dielectric constant in the GB does not affect the error considerably. Neither each single modification, nor their combined effect, can, however, account for the majority of the discrepancy between the space charge model and experimental data.

• Sazinas, Rokas; Sunding, Martin Fleissner; Thøgersen, Annett; Sakaguchi, Isao; Norby, Truls Eivind & Grande, Tor [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Surface reactivity and cation non-stoichiometry in BaZr1-xYxO3-δ (x=0-0.2) exposed to CO2 at elevated temperature. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. ISSN 2050-7488. 7(8), p. 3848–3856. doi: 10.1039/c8ta11021b. Full text in Research Archive
• Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Fontaine, Marie-Laure; Grande, Tor & Einarsrud, Mari-Ann (2019). Processing of high performance composite cathodes for protonic ceramic fuel cells by exsolution. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. ISSN 2050-7488. 7(14), p. 8609–8619. doi: 10.1039/c8ta10950h. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  La0.5Ba0.5CoO3-δ-BaZrO3 (LB-BZ)-based composite materials were prepared by a modified Pechini sol-gel method combined with exsolution. Two different LB-BZ composites were prepared through two alternative thermal treatments of the precursor gel. A metastable single phase with perovskite crystal structure was first obtained upon annealing the precursor in inert atmosphere, which further transformed to a two-phase composite by in situ exsolution in air. Comparetively, direct calcination of the LB-BZ gel in air resulted in a two-phase composite with different microstructure and composition of the two phases. The composite cathode formed by exsolution consisted of a matrix of BZ-phase with ~45 nm grain size embedding ~20 nm grains of LB-phase, while the composite cathode obtained by direct calcination consisted of a mixture of both phases with 50-60 nm grain size. Electrodes of symmetric half-cells were spray-coated on BaZr0.9Y0.1O2.95 electrolytes to examine the electrochemical performance by impedance spectroscopy. The lowest area specific resistance (ASR) was obtained for the composite cathode produced by exsolution with an excellent ASR of 1.54 Ω cm2 at 600 °C, 18 Ω cm2 at 400 °C and an activation energy (Ea) of 0.60 eV in 3 % moist synthetic air. This work demonstrates the potential of fabricating high performance nanocomposite cathodes with tailored chemical composition by a novel exsolution method.

• Bondevik, Tarjei; Kuwabara, Akihide & Løvvik, Ole Martin (2019). Application of machine learning-based selective sampling to determine BaZrO3 grain boundary structures . Computational Materials Science. ISSN 0927-0256. 164, p. 57–65. doi: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2019.03.054. Full text in Research Archive
• Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Fontaine, Marie-Laure; Grande, Tor & Einarsrud, Mari-Ann (2019). Microstructural and compositional optimization of La0.5Ba0.5CoO3−δ —BaZr1−zYzO3−δ (z = 0, 0.05 and 0.1) nanocomposite cathodes for protonic ceramic fuel cells. Journal of Physics: Energy. ISSN 2515-7655. 2(1). doi: 10.1088/2515-7655/ab396c. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Cathodes are one of the key components of protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) requiring further development to enhance the performance of PCFCs. This encompasses the optimization of material compositions and microstructures, as well as a further understanding of the electrode processes. Here, a compositional optimization of a La0.5Ba0.5CoO3−δ—BaZrO3-based nano-composite cathode prepared by exsolution of a single-phase material was performed by substituting 5 and 10 mol% Y at the B-site in the BaZrO3 phase. Electrodes with different microstructures were prepared by two different deposition methods, spray coating and screen printing, and by varying the firing temperature from 600°Cto 1100 °C. Further, composite electrodes were prepared by directly coating and firing the single-phase materials on the dense electrolyte to prepare symmetric cells. A good adhesion of the cathode to the electrolyte was observed in all cases. In general, a more homogeneous microstructure was observed for the cathodes prepared by screen printing. The single step method encompassing exsolution of the single phase and firing of the symmetric cells yielded significant improvement in the cathode performance compared to the other routes. The best electrochemical performance was observed for La0.5Ba0.5CoO3−δ—BaZr0.9Y0.1O2.95 cathode with an area specific resistance of 4.02 Ω·cm2 at 400 °Cand 0.21 Ω·cm2 at 600 °Cin 3%moist synthetic air. These results are among the best reported for cathodes of PCFCs as will be discussed.

• Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Fontaine, Marie-Laure; Grande, Tor & Einarsrud, Mari-Ann (2019). Compositional Engineering of a La1-xBaxCoO3-δ-(1-a) BaZr0.9Y0.1O2.95 (a = 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and x = 0.5, 0.6, 0.7) Nanocomposite Cathodes for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells. Materials. ISSN 1996-1944. 12(20). doi: 10.3390/ma12203441. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Compositionally engineered a La1-xBaxCoO3-δ-(1-a) BaZr0.9Y0.1O2.95 (a = 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and x = 0.5, 0.6, 0.7) (LBZ) nanocomposite cathodes were prepared by oxidation driven in situ exsolution of a single-phase material deposited on a BaZr0.9Y0.1O2.95 electrolyte. The processing procedure of the cathode was optimized by reducing the number of thermal treatments as the single-phase precursor was deposited directly on the electrolyte. The exsolution and firing of the cathodes occurred in one step. The electrochemical performance of symmetrical cells with the compositionally engineered cathodes was investigated by impedance spectroscopy in controlled atmospheres. The optimized materials processing gave web-like nanostructured cathodes with superior electrochemical performance for all compositions. The area specific resistances obtained were all below 12 Ω·cm2 at 400 °C and below 0.59 Ω·cm2 at 600 °C in 3% moist synthetic air. The resistances of the nominal 0.6 La0.5Ba0.5CoO3-δ-0.4 BaZr0.9Y0.1O2.95 and 0.8 La0.5Ba0.5CoO3-δ-0.2 BaZr0.9Y0.1O2.95 composite cathodes were among the lowest reported for protonic ceramic fuel cells cathodes in symmetrical cell configuration with ASR equal to 4.04 and 4.84 Ω·cm2 at 400 °C, and 0.21 and 0.27 Ω·cm2 at 600 °C, respectively.

• Bondevik, Tarjei; Ness, Heine Håland; Bazioti, Kalliopi; Norby, Truls Eivind; Løvvik, Ole Martin & Koch, Christoph T. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Investigation of the electrostatic potential of a grain boundary in Y-substituted BaZrO3 using inline electron holography. Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. ISSN 1463-9076. 21(32), p. 17662–17672. doi: 10.1039/c9cp02676b. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We apply inline electron holography to investigate the electrostatic potential across an individual BaZr0.9Y0.1O3 grain boundary. With holography, we measure a grain boundary potential of −1.3 V. Electron energy loss spectroscopy analyses indicate that barium vacancies at the grain boundary are the main contributors to the potential well in this sample. Furthermore, geometric phase analysis and density functional theory calculations suggest that reduced atomic density at the grain boundary also contributes to the experimentally measured potential well.

• Polfus, Jonathan M.; Yildiz, Bilge; Tuller, Harry & Bredesen, Rune (2018). Adsorption of CO2 and Facile Carbonate Formation on BaZrO3 Surfaces. Journal of Physical Chemistry C. ISSN 1932-7447. 122(1), p. 307–314. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b08223. Full text in Research Archive
• Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Ricote, Sandrine; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Grande, Tor; O'Hayre, Ryan P. & Einarsrud, Mari-Ann (2018). High-Performance La0.5Ba0.5Co1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O3−δ-BaZr1−zYzO3−δ Cathode Composites via an Exsolution Mechanism for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells. Inorganics. ISSN 2304-6740. 6(3), p. 1–14. doi: 10.3390/inorganics6030083. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A novel exsolution process was used to fabricate complex all-oxide nanocomposite cathodes for protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs). The nanocomposite cathodes with La0.5Ba0.5Co1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O3-δ – BaZr1-zYzO3-δ nominal composition were prepared from a single phase precursor via an oxidation driven exsolution mechanism. The exsolution process results in a highly nanostructured and intimately interconnected percolating network of the two final phases, one proton conducting (BaZr1-zYzO3-δ) and one mixed oxygen ion and electron conducting (La0.5Ba0.5Co1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O3-δ), yielding excellent cathode performance. The cathode powder is synthesized as single phase cubic precursor by a modified Pechini route followed by annealing at 700 °C in N2. The precursor phase is exsolved into two cubic perovskite phases by further heat treatment in air. The phase composition and chemical composition of the two phases were confirmed by Rietveld refinement. The electrical conductivity of the composites was measured and the electrochemical performance was determined by impedance spectroscopy of symmetrical cells using BaZr0.9Y0.1O2.95 as electrolyte. Our results establish the potential of this exsolution method where a large number of different cations can be used to design composite cathodes. La0.5Ba0.5Co1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O3-δ - BaZr0.9Y0.1O2.95 composite cathode shows the best performance of 0.44 Ω∙cm2 at 600 °C in 3 % moist synthetic air.

• Polfus, Jonathan M.; Pishahang, Mehdi & Bredesen, Rune (2018). Influence of Ce3+ polarons on grain boundary space-charge in proton conducting Y-doped BaCeO3. Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. ISSN 1463-9076. 20(23), p. 16209–16215. doi: 10.1039/c8cp00168e. Full text in Research Archive
• Polfus, Jonathan M.; Yildiz, Bilge & Tuller, Harry (2018). Origin of fast oxide ion diffusion along grain boundaries in Sr-doped LaMnO3. Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. ISSN 1463-9076. 20(28), p. 19142–19150. doi: 10.1039/c8cp02443j.
• Sazinas, Rokas; Sakaguchi, Isao; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann & Grande, Tor (2018). 96Zr Tracer Diffusion in AZro3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba). Inorganics. ISSN 2304-6740. 6(1). doi: 10.3390/inorganics6010014. Full text in Research Archive
• Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Nakamura, Takashi; Ricote, Sandrine; O’Hayre, Ryan & Amezawa, Koji [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Effect of Cation Ordering on the Performance and Chemical Stability of Layered Double Perovskite Cathodes. Materials. ISSN 1996-1944. 11(2). doi: 10.3390/ma11020196. Full text in Research Archive
• Polfus, Jonathan M.; Yang, Jing & Yildiz, Bilge (2018). Interplay between H2O and CO2 coadsorption and space-charge on Y-doped BaZrO3 surfaces. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. ISSN 2050-7488. 6, p. 24823–24830. doi: 10.1039/C8TA09491H. Full text in Research Archive
• Sazinas, Rokas; Sakaguchi, Isao; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann & Grande, Tor (2017). 134Ba diffusion in polycrystalline BaMO3 (M = Ti, Zr, Ce). AIP Advances. ISSN 2158-3226. 7(11). doi: 10.1063/1.5006137. Full text in Research Archive
• Sazinas, Rokas; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann & Grande, Tor (2017). Toughening of Y-doped BaZrO3 proton conducting electrolytes by hydration. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. ISSN 2050-7488. 5(12), p. 5846–5857. doi: 10.1039/c6ta11022c. Full text in Research Archive
• Sazinas, Rokas; Sakaguchi, Isao; Hasle, Ida Margrete; Polfus, Jonathan M.; Haugsrud, Reidar & Einarsrud, Mari-Ann [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Tracer diffusion of 96Zr and 134Ba in polycrystalline BaZrO3. Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. ISSN 1463-9076. 19(32), p. 21878–21886. doi: 10.1039/C7CP04039C. Full text in Research Archive
• Polfus, Jonathan M.; Norby, Truls Eivind & Bredesen, Rune (2016). Proton segregation and space-charge at the BaZrO3 (0 0 1)/MgO (0 0 1) heterointerface. Solid State Ionics. ISSN 0167-2738. 297, p. 77–81. doi: 10.1016/j.ssi.2016.10.010. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Y-doped BaZrO3 (BZY) can be deposited epitaxially on MgO (0 0 1) and the considered interface serves as a model system for studying heterointerface properties of protonic conductors. In this study, the defect chemistry of the interface between ZrO2-terminated BaZrO3 (0 0 1) and MgO (0 0 1) was investigated by first-principles calculations and space-charge theory. Segregation energies from the BZY bulk to the interface ZrO2 and MgO layers were calculated for effectively charged protons, oxygen vacancies, Y-acceptors as well as cation vacancies. Protons were found to exhibit a strong tendency for segregating to the interface, particularly to an oxide ion in the MgO layer, rendering a net positive charge of the interface. According to the applied thermodynamic space-charge models, the interface potential could reach more than 1 V under the Mott-Schottky approximation, with depletion regions extending up to 2 nm into BZY. With fully equilibrated Y-segregation profiles, the interface potential was significantly diminished to about 0.2 V at 573 K and 0.025 bar H2O. While the interface was found to be close to saturated by protons under most condition, it was concluded that proton conduction along the interface could not contribute significantly to the in-plane conductivity of BZY films deposited on MgO substrate.

• Polfus, Jonathan M.; Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen; Norby, Truls & Bredesen, Rune (2016). Surface defect chemistry of Y-substituted and hydrated BaZrO3 with subsurface space-charge regions. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. ISSN 2050-7488. 4(19), p. 7437–7444. doi: 10.1039/c6ta02067d. Show summary

  First-principles calculations were utilized to elucidate the complete defect equilibria of surfaces of proton conducting BaZrO3, encompassing charged species adsorbed to the surface, defects in the surface layer as well as in the subsurface space-charge region and bulk. Defect calculations were performed for the BaZrO3 (0 0 1) surface with focus on protons, oxygen vacancies and Y-acceptor dopants as well as adsorbed hydroxide and oxide adions. Protons were found to exhibit a particularly strong tendency to segregate to the surface with a segregation energy of −1.3 eV. While the concentration of negatively charged Y-acceptors and hydroxide species on the outer surface can be quite high, they do not fully charge compensate the protons, yielding a net positive charge of the surface. The resulting surface potential can exceed 1 V, resulting in significant depletion of charge carriers in the subsurface space-charge region. Moreover, the results are discussed in relation to surface adsorption of water, and computational approaches for treating charged point defects in periodic slab cells are evaluated with respect to symmetry and charge compensation.

• Polfus, Jonathan M.; Fontaine, Marie-Laure; Thøgersen, Annett; Riktor, Marit Dalseth; Norby, Truls & Bredesen, Rune (2016). Solubility of transition metal interstitials in proton conducting BaZrO3 and similar perovskite oxides. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. ISSN 2050-7488. 4(21), p. 8105–8112. doi: 10.1039/c6ta02377k. Show summary

  The defect chemistry of foreign transition metals in perovskite oxides was investigated by first-principles calculations with focus on Ni and Zn in Y-doped BaZrO3. Additional transition metals (Cu, Fe, Pd, Pt, and Ag) and perovskites (SrZrO3 and SrTiO3) were considered for comparison. The octahedral interstice coordinated with square-planar oxygen could accommodate smaller cations and Ni2+ was found to be the most stable, particularly in the presence of barium vacancies. Significant solubility of Ni was substantiated only for nominally A-site deficient materials under oxidizing conditions. The computational results were corroborated by experimental studies on BaZr0.85Y0.15O3−δ with 4 mol% NiO or ZnO sintering additives. While synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction of the Ni containing sample showed the presence of a BaY2NiO5 secondary phase, it could not account for the nominal amount of Ni in the sample. STEM and EDS analyses of both the Zn and Ni containing samples showed that Zn accumulated in the grain boundaries while Ni was evenly distributed within the grains and grain boundaries indicating that Ni was dissolved in the BaZrO3 structure. Furthermore, metallic Ni particles appeared on the sample surface after treatment under reducing conditions in accordance with computational predictions. The influence of interstitially dissolved Ni on proton conductivity was evaluated based on trapping of protons. Barium vacancies were found to be strong proton traps, with a binding energy of −0.80 eV, while the binding energy of protons associated with adjacent Ni interstitials was reduced to −0.20 eV.

• Sazinas, Rokas; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann & Grande, Tor (2016). Effect of CO2 Exposure on the Chemical Stability and Mechanical Properties of BaZrO3‐Ceramics. Journal of The American Ceramic Society. ISSN 0002-7820. 99(11), p. 3685–3695. doi: 10.1111/jace.14395. Full text in Research Archive
• Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Høydalsvik, Kristin; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann & Grande, Tor (2016). Effect of A-Site Cation Ordering on Chemical Stability, Oxygen Stoichiometry and Electrical Conductivity in Layered LaBaCo2O5+d Double Perovskite. Materials. ISSN 1996-1944. 9(3). doi: 10.3390/ma9030154. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in Cristin

• Thøgersen, Annett; Diplas, Spyridon; Michel, Kathrin; Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen; Prytz, Øystein & Norby, Truls Eivind (2020). The surface of CeO2 unravelled.
• Norby, Truls Eivind (2019). Electrodics for proton ceramic electrochemical cells - positrodes.
• Norby, Truls Eivind (2019). Electrodics for protonics.
• Norby, Truls Eivind & Kalland, Liv-Elisif Queseth (2019). Protons in heavily doped CeO2 and related compounds.
• Norby, Truls Eivind (2019). Ions and electrons at interfaces of functional ionic materials .
• Norby, Truls Eivind; Liu, Xin; Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen & Haugsrud, Reidar (2019). Hydride ion conduction.
• Bondevik, Tarjei; Prytz, Øystein & Norby, Truls Eivind (2019). Investigation of the electrostatic potential of a grain boundary in Y-substituted BaZrO3 using inline electron holography.
• Einarsrud, Mari-Ann (2019). Composite Cathodes for Proton Ceramic Fuel Cells .
• Rørvik, Per Martin; Fontaine, Marie-Laure; Graff, Joachim Seland; Xing, Wen; Denonville, Christelle & Larring, Yngve (2018). Hydrogensamfunnet og keramiske membraner.
• Polfus, Jonathan M.; Yang, Jing; Tuller, Harry; Yildiz, Bilge & Bredesen, Rune (2018). Coadsorption of H2O and CO2 on BaZrO3-based proton-conducting electrolytes.
• Norby, Truls Eivind (2018). Dekarbonisering - henger Norge med?
• Norby, Truls Eivind; Min, Chen; Bondevik, Tarjei & Polfus, Jonathan M. (2018). Space Charge Layers and Their Role for Properties of Interfaces in Solid State Ionics.
• Norby, Truls Eivind (2018). Electrodics for proton ceramic electrochemical cells .
• Norby, Truls Eivind; Min, Chen & Bondevik, Tarjei (2018). Space-charge and its effects on solid-oxide electrode kinetics.
• Norby, Truls Eivind (2018). Hydrogen (prisforedrag for Guldberg-Waage-medaljen 2018). Show summary

  Starting my first research in inorganic chemistry, I stumbled across hydrogen where and when I and everyone else did not expect to find it – it is so common and yet so un-common. It makes bonds more different than any other element – polar and purely covalent as protons and atoms, metallic when it pleases, and ionic as hydride ions. Consequently, it shows up in very different forms and locations and has taken me for a journey to my roots in physical chemistry and to electrochemistry – some things discovered and some mysteries remaining. Hydrogen holds a historical role in the establishment of major Norwegian industry, and we today host world-leading production of electrolyzers for the emerging markets of hydrogen for storage and as carrier of renewable electrical energy. Many different types of solids contain or may take up water and become solid-state proton conductors by various mechanisms of transport. They may be used as electrolytes in novel types of fuel cells and electrolyzers for hydrogen and renewable energy, as well as in electrocatalytic reactors for upgrading natural gas to liquids or hydrogen with minimal carbon emissions or with carbon capture and storage. The research involves experimental and ab initio computational methods to understand hydrogen in its various forms from gas phase, via surfaces and charge transfer at electrode interfaces, into mobile ions in crystalline or liquid-like condensed phases.

• Norby, Truls Eivind (2018). The chemistries of proton ceramic electrochemical cells.
• Norby, Truls Eivind (2018). Electrodics for proton ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs).
• Polfus, Jonathan M.; Yang, Jing; Tuller, Harry; Yildiz, Bilge & Bredesen, Rune (2018). Interplay between H2O/CO2 coadsorption and space-charge on Y-doped BaZrO3 surfaces.
• Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Ricote, Sandrine; Fontaine, Marie-Laure; Grande, Tor & O'Hayre, Ryan P. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Novel processing of La0.5Ba0.5CoO3-δ - BaZrO3 cathodes for proton conducting fuel cells .
• Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Fontaine, Marie-Laure; O'Hayre, Ryan P.; Grande, Tor & Einarsrud, Mari-Ann (2017). Novel exsolution method for processing composite cathodes for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells.
• Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Ricote, Sandrine; Fontaine, Marie-Laure; Grande, Tor & O'Hayre, Ryan P. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Novel processing of La0.5Ba0.5MO3-δ – BaZr1-xYxO3 cathodes for Proton Ceramic Fuel Cells.
• Chen, Min; Lozano, Helena Téllez; Druce, John; Matsumoto, Hiroshige; Sazinas, Rokas & Polfus, Jonathan M. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Surface chemistry of BaZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ and its effect on the electrochemical properties of a Ni/BaZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ interface for proton ceramic electrochemical cells.
• Bondevik, Tarjei (2017). Charge separation in ceramics investigated by electron holography .
• Bondevik, Tarjei (2017). Investigating BaZr0.85Y0.15O3 space charge layers with density functional theory.
• Bondevik, Tarjei (2017). Space charge layers around BZY grain boundaries.
• Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Jørgensen, Simon L.; Nakamura, Takashi; Ricote, Sandrine & O'Hayre, Ryan P. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Effect of cation ordering on the chemical stability and triple conductivity (h+, O2- and H+) in layered double perovskite LnBaCo2O5+δ (Ln = La and Y) cathodes.
• Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Nakamura, Takashi; Ricote, Sandrine; O'Hayre, Ryan P. & Amezawa, Koji [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Layered double LnBaCo2O5+d perovskites as cathodes for proton conducting fuel cells.
• Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Ricote, Sandrine; Fontaine, Marie-Laure; Grande, Tor & O'Hayre, Ryan P. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Novel processing of La0.5Ba0.5MO3-δ – BaZr1-xYxO3 cathodes for Proton Ceramic Fuel Cells.
• Bondevik, Tarjei (2017). Space charge layers around barium zirconate grain boundaries .
• Denonville, Christelle & Fontaine, Marie-Laure (2017). Alginate "caviar" - A sacrificial template for electrode fabrication.
• Einarsrud, Mari-Ann; Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Grande, Tor; Fontaine, Marie-Laure & Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos (2017). Novel processing of composite cathodes for proton conducting fuel cells.
• Einarsrud, Mari-Ann; Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Grande, Tor; Fontaine, Marie-Laure & Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos (2017). Novel processing of composite cathodes for proton conducting fuel cells by exsolution.
• Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos (2017). Next generation fuel cells. [Internet]. http://www.ntnutechzone.no/en/2017/01/next-generation-fuel-c.
• Norby, Truls Eivind (2017). Advances in proton ceramic fuel cells, steam electrolyzers, and dehydrogenation reactors based on materials and process optimizations.
• Rørvik, Per Martin; Fontaine, Marie-Laure; Graff, Joachim Seland; Li, Zuoan; Tilset, Bente Gilbu & Stange, Marit Synnøve Sæverud (2017). Keramiske membraner for hydrogensamfunnet.
• Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Ricote, Sandrine; Fontaine, Marie-Laure; Grande, Tor & O'Hayre, Ryan P. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). PCFC composite cathodes by exsolution mechanism.
• Norby, Truls; Strandbakke, Ragnar; Vøllestad, Einar; Chen, Min; Robinson, Shay Alexander & Kjølseth, Christian (2016). Proton ceramic electrodics.
• Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos (2016). El fraude científico: un ejemplo más de corrupción. El Diario de Prensa Digital.
• Einarsrud, Mari-Ann; Grande, Tor; Rioja-Monllor, laura & Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos (2016). Synthesis of novel materials for electrochemical conversion – focus on PCFC cathodes.
• Norby, Truls; Strandbakke, Ragnar; Chen, Min; Robinson, Shay Alexander & Kjølseth, Christian (2016). Fundamentals of electrodes for ceramic proton conducting electrolytes.
• Chen, Min & Norby, Truls (2016). Surface chemistry of BaZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ and its effect on the electrochemical properties of a Ni/BaZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ interface .
• Rørvik, Per Martin; Tilset, Bente Gilbu; Bleken, Francesca Lønstad; Fontaine, Marie-Laure; Xing, Wen & Graff, Joachim Seland [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Keramiske membraner for hydrogensamfunnet.
• Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos (2016). Control of the cation ordering in Li-garnets and layered double perovskites.
• Chen, Min & Norby, Truls (2016). Space Charge Layer Effect at the Ni/BaZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ Electrode Interface in Proton Ceramic electrochemical Cells.
• Hasle, Ida Margrete; Haugsrud, Reidar & Polfus, Jonathan M. (2016). Computational Studies of Cation Transport in Barium Zirconate.
• Olsen, Claude R.; Bredesen, Rune; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Bondevik, Tarjei & Chen, Min (2016). New generation of researchers making their mark.
• Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Nakamura, Takashi; Amezawa, Koji & Grande, Tor (2016). Chemical Stability of the Layered LaBaCo2O5+δ Double Perovskite Cathode.
• Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Ricote, Sandrine; Nakamura, Takashi; Amezawa, Koji & O'Hayre, Ryan P. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). Chemical stability and electrochemical performance of double perovskite cathodes for PCFC.
• Hasle, Ida Margrete; Vøllestad, Einar; Haugsrud, Reidar; De Souza, Roger; Gries, Ute & Waldow, Stephan (2016). B-site Cation (Zr4+) Diffusion in Yttrium doped Barium Zirconate.
• Sazinas, Rokas; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann & Grande, Tor (2016). Enhanced mechanical stability of proton conducting Y-doped BaZrO3 solid state electrolytes by hydration.
• Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann; Grande, Tor; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos & Fontaine, Marie-Laure (2016). Novel processing of La0.5Ba0.5CoO3-δ - BaZrO3 composites by exsolution method as cathodes for Proton Conducting Fuel Cells.
• Polfus, Jonathan M.; Norby, Truls & Bredesen, Rune (2016). Proton Conduction Across Interfaces in Y-doped BaZrO3 Investigated by First-Principles Calculations.
• Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Grande, Tor; O'Hayre, Ryan P. & Ricote, Sandrine [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Novel processing of La0.5Ba0.5CoO3-δ - BaZrO3 cathodes for proton conducting fuel cells .
• Fontaine, Marie-Laure; Denonville, Christelle; Li, Zuoan; Xing, Wen; Henriksen, Partow Pakdel & Bredesen, Rune (2016). Tailoring microstructure and geometry of ion conducting membranes.
• Tilset, Bente Gilbu; Rørvik, Per Martin; Larring, Yngve; Fontaine, Marie-Laure & Polfus, Jonathan M. (2016). Keramiske membraner for hydrogensamfunnet.
• Sazinas, Rokas (2016). Enhanced mechanical stability of proton conducting Y-doped BaZrO3 solid state electrolytes by hydration.
• Grande, Tor (2016). Enhanced mechanical stability of proton conducting Y-doped BaZrO3 solid state electrolytes by hydration.
• Sazinas, Rokas; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann & Grande, Tor (2015). Effect of CO2 Exposure on the Chemical Stability and Mechanical Properties of BaZrO3‐Ceramics.
• Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Høydalsvik, Kristin; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann & Grande, Tor (2015). Correlation Between Cation Ordering and Oxygen Vacancies in Layered Double Perovskite Cathodes.
• Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Høydalsvik, Kristin; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann & Grande, Tor (2015). Anion and cation ordering effects in transition metal oxides .
• Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Høydalsvik, Kristin; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann & Grande, Tor (2015). Ordering effects at operating temperatures of LaBaCo2O5+d, a promising SOFC cathode .
• Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann & Grande, Tor (2015). Compatibility studies between La0.5Ba0.5MO3-d (M=Mn, Fe and Co) cathodes and doped-BaZrO3 electrolytes .
• Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann & Grande, Tor (2015). Novel processing of La0.5Ba0.5CoO3-δ - BaZrO3 composite cathodes for proton conducting fuel cells.
• Rioja-Monllor, Laura (2015). Novel processing of cathodes for proton conducting solid oxide fuel cells.
• Rioja-Monllor, Laura (2015). La0.5Ba0.5CoO3-δ - BaZrO3 COMPOSITE MATERIAL AS CATHODE FOR PROTON CONDUCTING FUEL CELLS.
• Rioja-Monllor, Laura; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Fontaine, Marie-Laure; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann & Grande, Tor (2015). Novel processing of La0.5Ba0.5CoO3-δ - BaZrO3 composites by exsolution of a single phase precursor.
• Sazinas, Rokas; Bernuy-Lopez, Carlos; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann & Grande, Tor (2015). Chemical and mechanical stability of BaZrO3-materials.
• Bredesen, Rune (2015). The FOXCET Project - a nationally coordinated NANO2021 project.
• Polfus, Jonathan M.; Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen; Pishahang, Mehdi; Norby, Truls & Bredesen, Rune (2015). Influence of space-charge on the surface defect chemistry of BaZrO3.
• Norby, Truls & Polfus, Jonathan M. (2015). Space Charge Layers and Their Role in Properties of Interfaces in Solid State Ionics.
• Norby, Truls (2015). Defect Chemistry for Solid State Ionics.
• Hasle, Ida Margrete & Haugsrud, Reidar (2015). Metal Cation Inter-diffusion in BaZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ(BZY).
• Chen, Min & Norby, Truls (2015). SPACE CHARGE LAYER EFFECT AT NICKEL/BaZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ INTERFACES IN PROTONIC CERAMIC FUEL CELLS (second generation model).
• Norby, Truls; Haugsrud, Reidar & Polfus, Jonathan M. (2015). Defects and transport in proton conducting BZY.
• Hasle, Ida Margrete & Haugsrud, Reidar (2015). Metal Cation Inter-diffusion in BaZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ(BZY) .
• Polfus, Jonathan M. (2015). First-principles studies of defects and interfaces in perovskite ceramics.

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