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Norby, Truls
(2024).
Mechanisms and polarisation of electrodes for proton ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs).
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Banet, Catherine
(2024).
The upcoming EU legislative framework for hydrogen and gases markets.
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Wang, Luyang; Sun, Xinwei; Jiang, Bo & Norby, Truls
(2024).
Minority bulk and surface proton conduction in ceramic positrodes for proton ceramic electrochemical cells.
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Nguyen, Duc Duy; Turner, James W.G; Pedersen, Eilif & Emberson, David Robert
(2024).
Pre-Chamber Ignition of Ammonia and Hydrogen Fuels for Marine Engines.
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Småbråten, Didrik Rene
(2024).
Surface Chemistry and Kinetics of Positrodes for Proton Conducting Ceramic Steam Electrolysis.
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Norby, Truls; Sun, Xinwei & Wang, Luyang
(2024).
Surface protonic conduction in porous oxides.
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Valdes, Gerardo Alfredo Perez & Bly, Kristine Katherine
(2024).
Norway's Position on Global Hydrogen Value Chains: A Dual Model Approach.
Vis sammendrag
Europe has ambitious hydrogen-related goals. Strategies have been developed at both the union and individual country level to maximize the benefits of this clean energy source. Besides Europe, many countries globally have implemented their own strategies, ambitions, and programs to promote hydrogen development and use.
Norway is uniquely positioned in this global context. It has abundant clean energy sources, substantial natural gas reserves, and is geographically close to Europe. These factors could boost hydrogen production and use. Furthermore, these factors could drive the development and application of the necessary technology, potentially positioning Norway as a global leader in the hydrogen landscape.
Although the details of the economics and logistics are not clear yet, understanding them is crucial.
The Hydorgen-i project aims to thoroughly investigate the hydrogen value chain, in Norway and also internationally. This examination will include both economic factors and social perspectives. This comprehensive understanding will help us develop effective strategies for the future.
We will use the BROMo optimisation model, which focuses on logistics, to gain insights into localisation, transport, and investment aspects of the hydrogen value chain. Depending on prices, distances, and the availability of raw materials, BROMo could help determine Norway's optimal role in the future of hydrogen.
For the second analysis, we use a macroeconomic model called SUMSNorway. This model operates on a national scale, analysing national industrial structures and determining how investments, imports, and production factors impact value chains. SUMSNorway helps us understand which industries will need more labor and likely education to enhance value creation.
Although these models are from entirely different research areas, we have successfully combined their results in the past. We've used macroeconomic tables, like those in SUMS, to guide our optimisation models’ demand, supply, and industrial conversion parameters. We plan to use the results of the optimisation simulations to inform the macroeconomic models.
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Norby, Truls; Wu, Mengxin; Ewerhardt, Patrick & Sun, Xinwei
(2024).
Charge and Mass Transfer Polarisation of Electrodes for Proton Ceramic Electrochemical Cells .
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Hansen, Bjørn Henrik & Nepstad, Raymond
(2024).
Environmental risk assessment of accidental ammonia spills to the marine environment.
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Hansen, Bjørn Henrik; Farkas, Julia; Bucelli, Marta & Nepstad, Raymond
(2024).
Risks of Environmental Impacts of Accidental Spills of Ammonia to the Marine Environment.
Vis sammendrag
Regulations for fuel usage in maritime traffic by MARPOL are setting global standards that aims at reducing air pollution, reducing carbon emissions, and increasing energy efficiency. However, in the event of an accidental acute spill, how does conventional fuel oils compare to green ammonia in terms of potential environmental impact? We explored this challenge by a combination of an experimental ecotoxicology and a modelling approach. First, we assessed the acute and sub-lethal toxicity of fuel oils and ammonia to Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) embryos. Atlantic cod embryos were exposed for 4 days starting 3 days after hatch, and after exposure, the embryos were transferred to clean sea water until 3 days post hatch. Survival and hatching were monitored daily, and at the end of the experiment, larvae were imaged for assessing larvae morphometry and potential deformations. Second, we simulated acute spills of the fuels using the Dose-related Risk and Effects Assessment Model (DREAM) and the Oil Spill Contingency and Response model (OSCAR) to predict spreading and estimate the risk of toxicity to pelagic marine organisms. Ammonia caused acute toxicity to cod embryos; however, no indications of delayed toxicity were observed. No additional mortality was observed during the recovery period, and the surviving larvae displayed no deformations. Fish exposed to petrogenic fuel oils, however, displayed both acute toxicity as well as clear signs of deformations. DREAM and OSCAR simulations suggests that most of the ammonia reached the surface and evaporated, but some spreading of ammonia as ammonium generated a plume which displayed concentrations exceeding predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC). Spills of marine gas oil, very low sulphur fuel oil and heavy fuel oil behaved differently. MGO, like ammonia, spread in the water column, however, substantial fractions also evaporated, biodegraded, surfaced, and reached shorelines. Most of the heavy fuel oil and very low sulphur fuel oil, however, ended up on the surface and were carried by waves and to shorelines, and very little of the mass ended up in the water column. The MGO had a lower PNEC than ammonia, so the total volumes of water containing concentrations exceeding the PNEC was higher for MGO than ammonia. For the VLSFO and HFO, insignificant volumes of water exceeded PNEC, due to the fate outcomes discussed above.
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Lagemann, Benjamin
(2024).
Extended assessment of hydrogen-based ship fuels.
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Banet, Catherine & Antunes, Nuno
(2024).
Hydrogen Sales and Purchase Agreement (H2 SPA): Challenges in Contract Standardization.
[Internett].
Universitetet i Oslo.
Vis sammendrag
The discussion surrounding the role of (renewable and/or low-carbon) hydrogen in the energy transition is far from over, opinions ranging virtually from ‘fanciful idea’ to ‘silver-bullet’. Irrespective of the outcome of such discussion, multiple projects are somewhere in design / pre-FEED stage, the issue ‘offtaking / offtaker’ emerging as a critical point. Here, the contract for sale and purchase of hydrogen (and derivatives) has become the centre of attention. The Association of International Energy Negotiators (AIEN), which holds a proven track record in developing model agreements for the oil and gas industry, launched in 2022 a ‘Hydrogen Taskforce’ to delve into contract standardization in the realm of hydrogen. During this webinar, an account of the work undertaken, next steps and some of the specific challenges encountered were given.
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Småbråten, Didrik Rene & Polfus, Jonathan
(2023).
DFT on electrodes for high-temperature electrolysis.
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Norby, Truls
(2023).
Mechanisms and parameterization of electrodes for proton ceramic electrochemical cells.
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Gardarsdottir, Stefania Osk
(2023).
HYDROGENi - Norwegian research and innovation centre for hydrogen and ammonia.
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Ulleberg, Øystein; Helgesen, Geir & Hansen, Per Morten
(2023).
Modeling of Hydrogen Refueling Systems for Maritime Applications.
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Bujlo, Piotr; Holm, Thomas; Hancke, Ragnhild & Ulleberg, Øystein
(2023).
Experimental Set Up for PEM Fuel Cell Testing and Monitoring.
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Ulleberg, Øystein
(2023).
Hydrogen og brenselsceller for maritime anvendelse.
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Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold
(2023).
Sociotechnical conditions for hydrogen upscaling.
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Lu, Xu; Ma, Yan; Ma, Yuan & Johnsen, Roy
(2023).
H-assisted failure in nickel alloys and possible mitigation approaches
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Ewerhardt, Patrick; Wu, Mengxin; Norby, Truls; Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen & Polfus, Jonathan M.
(2023).
Finite element modelling of kinetic processes in proton ceramic electrochemical cells.
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Barbosa Watanabe, Marcos Djun
(2023).
Climate impacts of hydrogen-based biofuels.
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Barbosa Watanabe, Marcos Djun; Ballal, Vedant Pushpahas; Hu, Xiangping & Cherubini, Francesco
(2023).
Power-to-X and Hydrogen-based Biofuels as Alternatives to Decarbonize the European Maritime Sector until 2050.
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Lagemann, Benjamin & Rialland, Agathe Isabelle
(2023).
Assessment of hydrogen-based fuels.
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Fontaine, Marie-Laure
(2023).
Technologies for enabling cost-effective and large-scale H2 and NH3 production technologies: an introduction to HYDROGENi FME.
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Fontaine, Marie-Laure
(2023).
Technologies for enabling cost-effective and large-scale H2 and NH3 production technologies: an introduction to HYDROGENi FME.
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Fontaine, Marie-Laure
(2023).
HYDROGENi: A Norwegian Centre for Environment-friendly Energy Research.
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Wang, Luyang; Sun, Xinwei & Norby, Truls
(2023).
Minority Bulk and Surface Proton Conduction in Positrodes for Proton Ceramic Electrochemical Cells.
Vis sammendrag
The positrode is a critical component for proton ceramic steam electrolyzers and fuel cells for hydrogen and ammonia. It constitutes a major contribution to the over-potentials and hence losses in the whole cell, resulting from its limited solubility and diffusivity of protons, which is challenging to characterise and improve.
We are introducing a PhD project that aims to establish theoretical frameworks and experimental methodology for measuring protonic conductivities in the bulk and on surfaces of positrode materials. The approaches to reach the goal comprise the use of defect chemistry and transport theory for protons conduction, with the implementation of physiochemical experiments to distinguish signals of protons among other defects and charge carriers and paths on those predominantly electronic conductors. The results will be used as input to other project participants who perform computer simulations and, on that basis, seek strategies for optimization and effects on electrodes in scaled-up cells.
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Gardarsdottir, Stefania Osk
(2023).
Hydrogenets rolle i fremtidens energisystem - fra et norsk perspektiv.
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Norby, Truls
(2023).
Model and parameterisation of positrodes for proton ceramic electrochemical cells
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Raynaud, Xavier Marcel; Clark, Simon; Johansson, August & Nilsen, Halvor Møll
(2023).
Modeling and simulation of an anion-exchange membrane electrolyzer using BattMo: a unified open source platform for
electrochemical systems.
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Norby, Truls
(2023).
Transport in electrolytes and electrodes of proton ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs)
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Norby, Truls
(2023).
Proton Conducting Ceramics - Science and Applications
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Røkke, Nils Anders
(2022).
Egypt and Mauritania, BP’s Potential Green Hydrogen Hubs
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[Fagblad].
The Electricity Hub.
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Bly, Kristine & Perez-Valdes, Gerardo Alfredo
(2023).
Norway’s position in the global hydrogen value chain
A macroeconomic perspective.
SINTEF AS.
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